The term “cohort” was first used in medical applications in 1935 by Wade Hampton Frost, an epidemiologist who studied age-specific mortality rates [100]. According to the field of epidemiology, nowadays the term refers to a group of people with defined characteristics who are followed up for...
The indicated skewness and kurtosis values refer to the error term ϵ. Full size image Note that even if there is no transformation (p = 1) but a true interaction effect exists for the GRS, the interaction estimate for the GRS imitation will be non-zero (Fig. 3d) because the fGR...
In the early stages of an outbreak, the term ‘pandemic’ can be used to communicate about infectious disease risk, particularly by those who wish to encourage a large-scale public health response. However, the term lacks a widely accepted quantitative d
The first person to hold the title of surgeon general was American physician Walter Wyman, who was appointed as supervising surgeon in 1891. He served as surgeon general until 1911. The term surgeon general is also used to refer to the senior medical officer within the U.S. Army, the U....
However, the existing data are limited to some cities or provinces with small sample sizes, and as a result, they have limited reference value [19,20,21,22]. Currently, large-scale HS epidemiology data are still lacking in China. The main risk factors for HS are a hot and humid climate...
Maintaining healthy habits such as sleep and physical activity during the university period is relevant given the short- and long-term repercussions on health; moreover, there is a gender gap regarding both aspects, which must be considered in this population. Author Contributions E.M.-N. ...
As a result, the long-term risk of neurodegenerative diseases is reduced (Figure 1). Although they can be treated, there is currently no cure for neurodegenerative diseases. Treatment of this disease relieves the symptoms in order to preserve the quality of life. Natural antioxidants, such as ...
The Writing Committee considered evidence published since 2001 and drafted revised recommendations to incorporate results from major clinical trials such as those that compared rhythm control and rate control approaches to long-term management. The text has been reorganized to reflect the implications for...
The epidemiology of the pandemic provided far greater challenges. Early in the pandemic, scientists, at least in the west, spoke with one voice and great authority. They claimed that 2 to 3 out of every 100 infected people will die, the virus spread by droplets and surfaces, there was no...
human KIR2DL1 receptor on all their NK cells, but only when sires were males expressing the cognate human HLA-C ligand [173]. This supports a working model in which too much inhibition of uNK cells leads to poor fetal growth [174], a model based on human genetic epidemiology evidence [...