TIMPs, endogen inhibitors of MMPs, are secreted proteins, but may be found at the cell surface in association with membrane-bound proteins[133]. In addition to MMP-inhibiting activities, TIMPs have other biological functions[134]. Thus, Sobueet al.showed that both TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 stimula...
including GM-CSF, CXCL1, IL-8, and MIP-3α, promoting phenotypes in PDAC cells associated with tumor progression, including proliferation, migration, and invasive cell motility. This phenomenon occurred in response to