Alternative splicing (AS) has the potential to expand the number of functional peptides encoded in messenger RNA. Large-scale transcriptomics studies have confirmed that nearly all protein-coding genes generate multiple—sometimes dozens—of distinct mRNA isoforms. This finding is often interpreted as s...
These structures have provided considerable mechanistic insight into pre-mRNA splicing and have corroborated and explained a large body of genetic and biochemical data. Together, the structural data have proved that the spliceosome is a protein-directed metalloribozyme. This is a preview of subscription...
A major goal of evolutionary genetics is to understand the genetic processes that give rise to phenotypic diversity in multicellular organisms. Alternative splicing generates multiple transcripts from a single gene, enriching the diversity of proteins an
summarized the findings of 183 studies on using stem cells to differentiate them into osteochondrocytes for treating knee OA [5]. Nevertheless, no treatment modality significantly alters disease progression or effectively prevents arthroplasty in end-stage OA. Subsequently, novel biomarkers or therapeutic...
We determined two cryo-EM structures at 3.6-Å resolution of a group II intron reverse splicing into DNA. These structures reveal that the branch-site domain VI helix swings 90°, enabling substrate exchange during DNA integration. The maturase assists catalysis through a transient RNA-protein ...
Once within cells, androgens bind to a nuclear hormone receptor protein called the androgen receptor (AR). The AR typically has a default cytoplasmic location in the absence of androgens, but translocates into the nucleus after binding to androgens via its ligand-binding domain (LBD). Once ...
Downregulated genes are plotted on the left, and upregulated genes are on the right. (C) Gene expression analysis of hnRNP M KD cells compared to SCR control for uninfected cells. Each column represents a biological replicate. Red, genes downregulated in hnRNP M KD; blue, genes upregulated ...
the CTG in the DNA is transcribed into CUG in RNA, the resulting aberrant protein is toxic and disrupts the activity of RNA factors (MBNL1 AND CELF1), which are two RNA splicing factors. The resultant splicing changes somehow drive the skeletal and heart muscle wasting seen in the disease....
Most alternative exons are affected by repressor proteins in some cells and enhancer proteins in others. The splicing of alternative 5′ splice sites in the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 2C receptor is also controlled by a small RNA, HBII-52, that is similar in structure to small nucleolar RNA...
(n = 3) ofSMG6andSMG7in HeLa cells24.d, Fraction of cassette exons that are symmetric (that is, length divisible by three) as function of their usage, estimated as percent spliced in PSI. The error bars represent standard error of values for LCL lines treated as replicates (circular...