5. Describe briefly the physiological significance of TCA cycle 6. Describe briefly the physiological significance of pentose phosphate pathway 7. Outline the reasons for the formation of lactic acid cycle and the physiological significance. 8. Overview the important role of B vitamins in glucose meta...
The Krebs cycle or TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) or Citric acid cycle is a series of enzyme catalysed reactions occurring in the mitochondrial matrix, where acetyl-CoA is oxidised to form carbon dioxide and coenzymes are reduced, which generate ATP in the electron transport chain. Download...
tricarboxylic acid cycleα-ketoglutaramateα-ketoglutarateω-amidase2024 by the authors.In the example of a rat model with chronic hepatoencephalopathy (HE), changes in the organ morphology of rats affect the balance of metabolites of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and metabolites of the ...
(AoLf hAeSm),ewbhioicsyhnuthtieliszise,s(sptyeprid1)oxmailto5c'-hpohnodsrpiahla5t-eamasinaocleov-fualcintoicr, acid synthase (ALAS), which utilizes pyridoxal 5'-phosphate as a co-factor, condenses succinyl-Co-A derived from the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and...
In cancer cells, glycolysis functions in parallel with the TCA cycle and other metabolic pathways to enhance biosynthetic processes and thus support proliferation and growth. Similar metabolic features are observed in T cells during activation but, in contrast to cancer, metabolic transitions in T ...
ago in a cerebral microdialysis study in TBI patients, where administration of 13C-labeled lactate via the microdialysis catheter and simultaneous collection of the emerging microdialysates, with 13C NMR analysis, revealed 13C labeling in glutamine consistent with lactate utilization via the TCA cycle...
Production of lactate and lactylation. When cellular oxygen demand does not exceed the supply, glucose undergoes glycolysis, producing pyruvate, which enters the mitochondria and is oxidized to CO2 and H2O through the TCA cycle. However, under anaerobic or low-oxygen conditions inhibiting the TCA ...
to ROS generation and cell death [23]. The latest research indicates that copper induces cuproptosis by binding to lipid-acylated components of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, causing protein aggregation, loss of iron–sulfur cluster proteins, and ultimately proteotoxic stress [24]. Disulfidptosis, ...
The BCAAs such as valine, isoleucine, and leucine are significant components of all human proteins. However, BCAAs can also be degraded to supply carbon substrate for various anabolic cellular (i.e. gluconeogenesis or fatty acid synthesis) or energy (i.e. the TCA cycle) pathways. The branche...
The subunit 2 of the cyclin kinase Cdc28/CDC2 (CKS2) is an essential component for cell cycle control, involved in cell cycle progression from G1 to S and from G2 to M [10]. It has also been shown that CKS2 is essential for the first metaphase/anaphase transition of mammalian meiosis...