A rapidly growing body of information has suggested that NAD (including NAD+ and NADH) and NADP (including NADP+ and NADPH) could be new fundamental factors in cell death: Many studies have indicated key roles of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases and sirtuins --- two families of NAD-dependent ...
The increased need for macromolecular therapeutics, such as peptides, proteins and nucleotides, to reach intracellular targets necessitates more effective delivery vectors and a higher level of understanding of their mechanism of action. Cell penetrating
Recent advances have made a persuasive case for the existence of G4 DNA in living cells, but what--if any--are its functions ? Experiments have established how G4 DNA may contribute to the biology of eukaryotic cells, and genomic analysis has identified new ways in which the potential t...
DNA methylation is of paramount importance for mammalian embryonic development. DNA methylation has numerous functions: it is implicated in the repression of transposons and genes, but is also associated with actively transcribed gene bodies and, in some
Upon fertilization, remodeling of condensed maternal and paternal gamete DNA occurs to form the diploid genome. In Xenopus laevis, nucleoplasmin 2 (NPM2) decondenses sperm DNA in vitro. To study chromatin remodeling in vivo, we isolated mammalian NPM2 orthologs. Mouse NPM2 accumulates in oocyte...
The pioneering efforts of a number of key laboratories have led to our current understanding of the pivotal roles for microglia in neuroinflammation and the potential neurotoxic sequalae of such events. This work has generated a rigorous data base that i
DNA polymerase iota (Pol ι) activates glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) through Erk-OGT-induced O-GlcNAcylation, promoting the proliferation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [47]. Yu et al. found that miR-483 targets OGT to inhibit the proliferation of GC cells [48]. Moreover, ...
Covalent modification of a cytosine base catalysed by a DNA methyltransferase that often associates with heterochromatic loci. It can occur in various sequence contexts, including CG, CHG and CHH, which influence establishment and inheritance.
Natural selection that promotes the continued change of a phenotype in one direction. Linkage disequilibrium Deviation in a population from a random distribution of alleles at different loci, denoted byD.D< 0 reflects the relative absence of individuals with particular allele combinations,D> 0 reflects...
& Nussenzweig, A. The multifaceted roles of PARP1 in DNA repair and chromatin remodelling. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 18, 610–621 (2017). CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Bai, P. et al. PARP-1 inhibition increases mitochondrial metabolism through SIRT1 activation. Cell Metab. ...