The genome of Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13 harbours three neighbouring open reading frames showing protein sequence similarities to the proteins encoded from the Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis 168 gerA operon, GerAA, GerAB and GerAC. In B. subtilis,
little is known about lipid antigen presentation. The CD1 family of glycoproteins have been identified as key to this process23. CD1b, in particular has a unique binding groove that allows it to present the greatest range of lipid sizes23,24, but has...
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor with a complex immune evasion mechanism posing a challenge to treatment. The role of the S100A10 gene in various cancers has garnered significant attention. This study aims to elucidate the impac
The CHRM2 gene, located on the long arm of chromosome 7 (7q31-35), is involved in neuronal excitability, synaptic plasticity and feedback regulation of acetylcholine release, and has been implicated in higher cognitive processing. The aim of this study is the identification of functional (non...
DAGs and ceramides were extracted by the use of an extraction mixture composed of isopropanol:water:ethyl acetate (35:5:60; v/v/v). Quantitative measurement was made using an Agilent 6460 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Diacylglycerols and ceramides were analyzed using positive ion electrospray...
Forty-two µL of the extract was used for targeted amino acid analysis. The tissue pellet was subjected to a second extraction step with 10%/90% dichloromethane-isopropanol at a 1:30 w/v sample-solvent ratio. For the relative quantification of metabolites by both GC/MS and LC-MS/MS, ...
Two volume of ice-cold isopropanol was added to supernatant to precipitate the EPSs. The precipitate was centrifuged at 10,000 RPM for 30 min. The precipitates were dissolved in distilled water, then crude EPS was obtained by lyophilization and EPSs was used for the next experiments (Ragavan...
000 rpm for 5 min. Nucleic acids were precipitated by adding 260 μl of 10 M ammonium acetate and one volume of isopropanol. The pellets were then washed with 70% ethanol and suspended in TE buffer. RNA was removed by treatment with 2 μl of DNase-free Rnase (10 mg/ml) at 37 °C...
Sample was centrifuged at 7000 g for 3 min and aqueous phase was collected and a second round of phenol/chloroform/isoamyl extraction was performed. DNA from the clear aqueous phase was precipitated using sodium acetate and isopropanol. Dried DNA pellet was dissolved in TE buffer. ...
(Sigma) plus 2.5 volumes of isopropanol, centrifugation at 13,000gfor 20 min at 4 °C, and washing the RNA pellet in 70% ethanol. RNA samples were dissolved in 20 μl water, quantified using a Nanodrop spectrophotometer (Thermo), and subsequently processed for microarray analysis ...