IL-2T cell activationTumor immunotherapyPharmacologic agents such as bryostatin 1 (bryostatin) can regulate cell activation, growth, and differentiation by modulating the activities of protein kinase C isoenzymes. Inhibition of growth of tumor cells and activation of T lymphocytes in vitro are the ...
Activated dendritic cells (DCs) express CD25 on their cell surface for binding either T cell- or DC-derived IL-2, in order to present IL-2 intransto adjacent effector T cells. This mechanism presumably operates very early during T cell stimulation, before the responding T cells start to expr...
Moreover, anti-CD3-activated T4 cells were able to stimulate initial B cell activation that became apparent when the T cells and B cells were separated. Inhibition of B cell responsiveness by 64.1-activated T4 cells was the result of a block at the G1-S interphase of the cell cycle. The...
In some cell types, TPL2 contributes to the optimal activation of p38 MAPK and JNK, specifically in response to genotoxic stress or inflammatory stimuli such as TNFα or IL-1β41,42,43,44. TPL2 crosstalks to the NF-κB pathway37. In its inactive state, TPL2 protein is stabilized and ...
Type 1 regulatory T cells (Tr1) cells are a group of Tregs characterized by production of IL-10. Although initial studies pointed towards a central role of IL-10 in mediating Tr1 generation, recent studies indicate that Tr1 generation could also be dependent on IL-27. Both IL-10 and IL-...
FunctionPlaysaroleintheinducibleexpressionofcytokinegenesinT-cells,especiallyintheinductionoftheIL-2,IL-3,IL- 4,TNF-alphaorGM-CSF. TissuespecificityExpressedinthymus,spleen,heart,testis,brain,placenta,muscleandpancreas. SequencesimilaritiesContains1RHD(Rel-like)domain. DomainRelSimilarityDomain(RSD)allowsDNA-...
poor CD8 T cell activation was correlated with worse disease outcome, while worse disease outcome in females was associated with higher levels of innate immune cytokines (Brodin2021; Takahashi et al.2020). Thus, the adaptive immune responses, or at least T cells, should be taken into account ...
Figure 1. Potential checkpoints in the regulation of the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection by interleukin-10 (IL-10). 1=Inhibition of macrophage killing and dendritic cell (DC) uptake, processing, and presentation; 2=regulation of DC migration from the site of infectio...
Lysosomes are an important component of the inner membrane system and participate in numerous cell biological processes, such as macromolecular degradation, antigen presentation, intracellular pathogen destruction, plasma membrane repair, exosome release, cell adhesion/migration and apoptosis. Thus, lysosomes ...
One of the mechanisms is cell senescence, which can lead to chronic inflammation through the SASP [7]. The SASP contributes to the secretion of inflammatory cell cytokines and chemokines that induce local and systemic inflammatory responses, immune system activation, tissue damage and fibrosis, and ...