Also, the importance of the phosphorylase reaction is demonstrated by the finding that 90% or more of the hexose entering the glycolytic pathway during a 30-second tetanic contraction stems from glycogen rather than from blood sugar. Thus these results are in accord with the concept of glycogeno...
Owing to multiple connections to the glycolytic pathway, the PPP can operate in various modes to allow the production of NADPH and/or ribose as required. Macromolecular biosynthesis Biochemical synthesis of the carbohydrates, nucleotides, proteins and lipids that make up cells and tissues. These ...
Experts identified that upregulation of PD-L1 is involved in tumorigenesis and poor prognosis in gastric cancer.21 As another HIF-1α target, hexokinase is one of the rate-limiting enzymes of glycolytic pathway.22,23 In mammals, there are four subtypes of hexokinase, the type II hexokinase is...
In both examples, the rest of the body provides glucose and disposes of the end product of the glycolytic pathway, lactate, to sustain growth as long as possible. For its own survival and that of the mother, the fetus later must switch to aerobic energy production, whereas cancer if not ...
This can be attributed to the fact that the yield rate of glycolysis is much faster than oxidative phosphorylation, even though energy production is much lower via the glycolytic pathway. In this context, aerobic glycolysis meets nutrient demands for cancer cells' fast proliferation and growth. ...
However, when the inhibitory effect of intracellular pH on enzyme activity was taken into account in the model of regulation, metabolite regulation was shown to be the dominant factor controlling pathway flux. The changes in glycolytic enzyme concentrations were not correlated directly to modifications ...
glycolytic pathway, including hexokinase 2 (HK2), phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1), and pyruvate kinases type M2 (PKM2) play an important role in the regulation of aerobic glycolysis in HCC and can be regulated by many mechanisms, such as the AMPK, PI3K/Akt pathway, HIF-1α, c-Myc and non...
ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar Regan, J. N. et al. Up-regulation of glycolytic metabolism is required for HIF1ɑ-driven bone formation.Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA111, 8673–8678 (2014). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar CASPubMed 622...
A. et al. The CD28 signaling pathway regulates glucose metabolism. Immunity 16, 769–777 (2002). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Shi, L. Z. et al. HIF1α-dependent glycolytic pathway orchestrates a metabolic checkpoint for the differentiation of TH17 and Treg cells. J. Exp. Med. ...
A set of key players, AMPK and TORC1, collaborate to regulate apoptosis. When glycolytic rates are low and the AMP: ATP ratio is high, AMPK inhibits TORC1, which in turn inhibits the rate of translation and promotes apoptosis (1). Interestingly, the cellular energy state of neurons in the...