Glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide (GLP-1) is a secreted peptide that acts as a key determinant of blood glucose homeostasis by virtue of its abilities to slow gastric emptying, to enhance pancreatic insulin secretion, and to suppress pancreatic glucagon secretion. GLP-1 is secreted from L ...
Glucagon is a potent glucose-elevating hormone that is secreted by pancreatic α-cells. While well-controlled glucagon secretion plays an important role in maintaining systemic glucose homeostasis and preventing hypoglycaemia, it is increasingly apparent that defects in the regulation of glucagon secretion...
Through its various hormones, particularly glucagon and insulin, the pancreas maintains blood glucose levels within a very narrow range of 4–6 mM. This preservation is accomplished by the opposing and balanced actions of glucagon and insulin, referred to as glucose homeostasis. During sleep or i...
of SCFAs-producing bacteria (15 positive responders, all for acetate production and 5 for butyrate production) and diminish the numbers of detrimental compounds-producing organisms (mainly for indole and hydrogen sulfide production) in diabetic subjects, which in turn improve glucose homeostasis.Table...
Glucagon-like peptide-1 and exendin-4 stimulate beta-cell neogenesis in streptozotocin-treated newborn rats resulting in persistently improved glucose homeostasis at adult age. Diabetes 2001; 50: 1562–1570. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Vilsboll T, Zdravkovic M, Le-Thi T, Krarup T, ...
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-disorders of energy homeostasis and glucose homeostasis, respectively-are tightly linked and the incidences of both conditions are increasing in parallel. The CNS integrates information regarding peripheral nutrient and hormonal changes and processes this informat...
BAT generates non-shivering thermogenesis and energy dissipation by oxidation of glucose and fatty acids, and activation of the mitochondrial transporter uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1), which deviate electron transfer from ATP synthesis to dissipate protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, producing ...
Non-coding genetic variants that influence gene transcription in pancreatic islets play a major role in the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes (T2D), and likely also contribute to type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk. For many loci, however, the mechanisms through
Pancreatic β-cells play a major role as sensors and rectifiers of glucose homeostasis. Insulin, the main hormone that lowers blood glucose, is secreted from β-cells upon nutrient ingestion. To precisely decode signals reflecting the extracellular metabolic environment, β-cells have a metabolic sens...
Rather than viewing the adipose tissue and glucose control systems separately, we suggest that the brain systems that control them are components of a larger, highly integrated, ‘fuel homeostasis’ control system. This conceptual framework, along with new insights into the organization and function ...