A Free-Electron Laser (FEL) operating in the quantum regime can provide a compact and monochromatic X-ray source. Here we review the basic principles of a high-gain quantum FEL starting from noise, with special emphasis on the self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) mode operation. In the...
A quantum model of the single particle free‐electron laser in a uniform magnetic field is given. Here the classical electron current due to electrons in helical orbits (caused by a uniform magnetic field) interacts with a quantized radiation in the interaction volume of finite extent. The descri...
A quantum mechanical derivation of the gain of the free electron laser is presented which starts from the exact solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation in the presence of the magnetic wiggler field and the stimulating plane wave field. The gain is obtained from the transition amplitude of the ele...
Resonant X-ray excitation of the 45Sc nuclear isomeric state was achieved by irradiation of a Sc-metal foil with 12.4-keV photon pulses from a state-of-the-art X-ray free-electron laser, allowing a high-precision determination of the transition energy. Yuri Shvyd’ko , Ralf Röhlsberger...
Smith–Purcell effect16, or the dielectric laser accelerator (DLA)6,7and free electron lasers10. In addition, it indicates that the emergence of ‘classicality’ in our measurement setup requires both the classical conditions of ‘point-particle-like’ electron and photon at a coherent state, ...
The high electron concentration results in conduction band filling thus increasing the opticaI bandgap up to 0.6–0.7 eV compared with 0.36 eV in undoped InAs. Free-carrier absorption in such material is quite strong and, in order to reduce the waveguide loss, the heavily doped cladding layers ...
one injected electron can be used to generate many photons. This type of semiconductor lasers is also referred to as a unipolar device since laser action occurs with one type of carrier, e.g., the electron, as compared to the required recombination of an electron and a hole in a convention...
The useful range of electron kinetic energies runs the gamut from non-relativistic energies, as low as 50 eV in applications like coherent low-energy electron microscopy5,6,7,8,9,10, to ultra-relativistic energies, as high as several GeV in X-ray free electron laser facilities11,12. ...
(N\eta )\)gates. The approach is to first generate a superposition of all of the configurations of occupied orbitals in the Slater determinant while making sure that electron registers holding the label of the occupied orbitals are always sorted within each configuration so that they are in ...
This type of semiconductor lasers is also referred to as a unipolar device since laser action occurs with one type of carrier, e.g., the electron, as compared to the required recombination of an electron and a hole in a conventional semiconductor diode laser. A key feature of quantum ...