We propose a new causal inference method that uses two instances of pre-treatment text data, infers two proxies using two zero-shot models on the separate instances, and applies these proxies in the proximal g-formula. We prove, under certain assumptions about the instances of text and ...
an average level of expected performance can be defined. Assuming that the knowledge and skill that define competencies reflect a normal distribution, inference can be made concerning the ZPD by selecting an appropriate measure and establishing