This itRNA is different from the methionine tRNA that inserts methionine in internal AUG codons of the mRNA and it is only used to start protein synthesis. In bacteria, the initiator methionine is formylated (N-formyl-methionine). In eukaryotic cells, the process can be summarized as follows....
14,000 and 18,400, respectively. Lactoglobulin also occurs as a dimer of molecular weight 37,000. Genetic variations can produce small variations in theamino acidcompositionof lactoglobulin. The amino acid composition and the tertiary structure of lactalbumin resemble that oflysozyme, an egg protein...
Antibody-mediated delivery of therapeutics has been primarily limited to agents containing amine, alcohol or thiol functional groups. Now, an approach has been developed to create stable and bio-reversible prodrugs that maskortho-quinones. Drug release requires both protease activation followed by acid-...
A fusion protein is a protein made up of a minimum of two domains that are each encoded by a different gene linked together so that they can be translated and transcribed as a single protein. From: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2023 ...
Each domain can express a distinct function and is sometimes arranged in a single protein to efficiently carry out an overall function that has several parts. For example, there are seven different chemical reactions that act in sequence to synthesize a fatty acid. In mammals, the fatty acid ...
Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) have pivotal roles in life processes. The studies showed that aberrant PPIs are associated with various diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, targeting PPIs is a d
(PDIs), a class of multi-domains, multi-functional enzymes that belongs to the thioredoxin superfamily. The PDI family comprises several divergent proteins that can serve as molecular chaperones for protein synthesis and maturation [3]. As a folding catalyst, the PDI proteins are capable of ...
An interesting observation of the pattern of genomic alterations is that many cancers lose one or both copies of specific G protein and GPCR genes. This raises the possibility that certain G protein/GPCRs may act as tumor suppressors rather than oncogenes. Indeed, as described above, GNA13 is...
GPCRs are essential elements that are involved in cell–cell communication and represent major targets for therapeutic drugs1. Recent structural studies have provided important information on how GPCRs can act as nucleotide-exchange factors that allow the release of GDP from the inactive G protein, ...
The regulation of protein production involves spatially restricted RNA–protein interactions to regulate post-transcriptional processes1, including the creation of translation ‘hotspots’ so that newly synthesized proteins can act at precise locations without disturbing cellular protein homeostasis2. The ...