, includingMPA. MPA is also known as problematic mobile phone use (Yang et al., 2020) or mobile phone overuse (Wang et al., 2023). Student groups, including adolescents and young adults, are in a critical stage of personality development, with critical transitions in mental and cerebral ...
Measurement of Career Calling The measurement of Career Calling was done using the Calling and Vocation questionnaire (CVQ) by Dik.19 This scale what has been adapted since bringing into China is rated on a five-point Likert scale consisting of four items, ranging from 1 = never to 5 = ...
university students in the light of the Corona pandemic; identify the differences in smartphone addiction, academic procrastination, and quality of life according to gender and stage of study; and revealing the predictive ability of academic procrastination and quality of life for smartphone addiction. ...