Purpose: Research designs are used to test whether a program, treatment, or operation causes a certain result and need to meet three conditions: covariation, temporal precedence, and no plausible alternative explanations. The last condition is the mo...
This article provides two illustrations of some of the factors that can influence findings from pre- and post-test research designs in evaluation studies, including regression to the mean (RTM), maturation, history and test effects. The first illustration involves a re-analysis of data from a st...
Forest plot of the pooled prevalence of pre-marital sex among young individuals in Ethiopia, 2021. Full size image The funnel plot and eggers test were used to assess the presence of publication bias. In the funnel plot, effect estimates were distributed asymmetrically which is a sign of the...
There are many other potential reasons why pre-test likelihood estimates may not work as well for the task of predicting obstructive CAD in modern patients. These include changes in patient demographics; epidemiological shifts in the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the population, including...
In this series, we address research topics in emergency medicine. Rational clinical decision making is based on knowledge of the disease prevalence, clinical assessment features and test characteristics such as sensitivity and specificity. The concept of pre‐test probability is important as it will ...
It obtains new state-of-the-art results on eleven natural language processing tasks, including pushing the GLUE score to 80.5% (7.7% point absolute improvement), MultiNLI accuracy to 86.7% (4.6% absolute improvement), SQuAD v1.1 question answering Test F1 to 93.2 (1.5 point absolute improvement...
Statistically significant changes were determined by unpaired Student's t-test using GraphPad Prism software. Statistical significance is given by *P⩽0.05, **P⩽0.01, ***P⩽0.001. Results Individual and combined CDK2 and CDK1 depletion results in cell cycle arrest in anti-estrogen-sensitive ...
According to our previous research, Pd@Au-PEG nanoplates accumulated in tumor sites via the EPR effect [27]. In addition, the large functional surface area and easy-to-control surface chemistry of nanoplates allow them to carry a sufficient number of TCO groups (Fig. 2A). Therefore, Pd@Au...
In this study, an in situ test was conducted in a metro excavation in Tianjin, China to investigate the effects of pre-excavation dewatering. The diaphragm wall deflections during the pre-excavation dewatering were monitored and analyzed. Furthermore, a three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE)...
In the first part of the series, we focus on thepre-experiment stageand start with the most basic step in A/B testing: formulating the hypothesis of the A/B test. Pre-Experiment Trustworthiness Patterns. Illustration c/o Ilda Ladeira ...