Our review found that 13% of the sample of 490 articles were evaluation studies. Of these evaluation studies, about half used an experimental design. However, a quarter used a single group, pre-post test design, and researchers using these designs did not mention possible RTM effects in their...
This article provides two illustrations of some of the factors that can influence findings from pre- and post-test research designs in evaluation studies, including regression to the mean (RTM), maturation, history and test effects. The first illustration involves a re-analysis of data from a s...
58、ciency of the freshmen science high school students with reference to pronunciation and correct usage; mean pretest and posttest scores of the students based on the structured lessons of macro-skills' learning performance; significant difference in the mean pretest and posttest scores of the st...
These studies include cohorts who vary in age when they enter the study (typically groups overlap so entire development period can be discussed)! Triangulation Using multiple procedures, sources, or perspectives to converge to support the conclusions. (Used as a criterion to evaluate data in qualita...
1.1 Pre-reading Task The following is the concluding section of a research article in the field of applied linguistics. Think about the following questions before reading the text and then have a discussion with your classmates: What is the function of the concluding section in a research paper...
Interdisciplinary, interpersonal, and conflict management skills have been measured in previous studies using self-reports, teacher reports, peer reports, and performance-based measures (Griffin & Care,2015; Meijer et al.,2020). However, psychometric information on validity and reliability was often not...
Simple random sampling: Here, the elements or participants of a sample are selected randomly, and this technique is used in studies that are conducted over considerably large audiences. It works well for large target populations. Stratified random sampling: In this method, the entire population is...
Two studies reveal high transmissibility and lethality of the viral isolate in animal models, and hint at potential drug susceptibility — but further analysis and ongoing surveillance of infections will be critical for public health. Karen O’Leary ...
using technology-based tools in ensuring the quality of articles for journal publication. It fundamentally employed pre- and post-test research design to determine the effectiveness of online technology-based tools before and after the intervention. It employed descriptive presentation of the different ...
The present study offers a comprehensive review of research using SR in manifold teaching and learning contexts over the past decade. The investigation scrutinizes the characteristics of these studies, such as their research aims, stimuli, and interview strategies. It examines the interplay among these...