Political cycles (or Political Business Cycles, PBC) occur when government policy is manipulated to improve chances of re-election. Previous work suggests that incumbents use fiscal policy this way in several developing countries. Understanding local executives' behavior has implications on governance ...
The potential manipulation of the budget would occur before the election and would therefore fall in the fiscal year spanning the November election. We define the dummy variable election as being equal to one if fiscal year t is an election year and zero otherwise. Table 3 reports descriptive ...
Whether this can occur via existing mechanisms like the under-capitalised LDC Climate Fund, or if a dedicated facility is needed, there is little doubt that coordinated action is needed. Diagnostics such as the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development Production Transformation Policy Reviews...
Generally, we find that PAC contributions are relatively aligned, which may occur because these donations are easy to monitor. Specifically, these data are processed by watchdog groups and distributed in accessible formats. To examine whether transparency about PAC contributions correlates with alignment...
who bid in the auction and who lobbied their legislator to pass legislation, which saved consumers money or provided monetized health savings. The bidding phase this type of auction can occur during the primary election season or during general election season, while the lobbying occurs during the...
While hand counts of ballots occur in some parts of the United States, this typically happens in small jurisdictions with small numbers of registered voters. Hand counts, however, are commonly used as part of post-election tests to check that machines are counting ballots correctly, but only a...
Accordingly, and adding to the theory, it became evident that the instrumentation effects often occur together and in fact reinforce each other leading to inertia. To sum up, it can be observed that both SIC are inextricably embedded in a particular context, responsive to their environment and ...
This report examines part of a qualitative study on the micropolitical classroom strategies, goals, and consequences that occur among the students and a te... MN Spaulding 被引量: 9发表: 1995年 Determinants of political behavior and the role of technology in the classroom: An empirical investiga...
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Whereas previously we tried to write about all arrests on such charges, we now realize that our small team cannot cover all the arrests because they occur almost daily. Often little is known about the detainees, but the news reports say that the person was on a mission for the Free ...