The resulting high-ploidy cells are generally also much larger in size (Sugimoto-Shirasu & Roberts, 2003). 3. Expansive growth Expansive growth results from two different processes, elastic cell deformation (Fig. 1g) and irreversible cell wall extension (Fig. 1c,d; Lockhart, 1965; Ortega, ...
Inositol phosphate kinases (IPKs) play vital roles in the synthesis and regulation of cellular levels of inositol polyphosphates, which perform vital functions in eukaryotic cells as second messengers. Due to the vital biological roles of the inositol phosphates, the kinases involved in their synthesis...
preferentially inhibited the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in both acutely infected T-lymphoblastoid cells and chronically infected macrophages in vitro [79]. TCS was found to decrease the serum HIV-1 p24 antigen level and to increase the percentage of CD4C cells in ...
We performed a correction procedure toKsvalues before evolutionary dating, by exploiting the facts that the studied monocots had diverged from the eudicot representative,V. vinifera, at the same time. After evolutionary correction, by assuming the monocot-eudicot divergence at 163–184 Mya, we dated...
3. Are all plant foods healthy? 4. What affects our gut microbiota? 5. Where are most of our immune cells located? 6. With what is dysbiosis associated? 7. What is known about autoimmune diseases and diet? 8. Which nutrients from plant foods can reduce dementia risk?
has emerged that the energy metabolism and oxidative homeostasis pathways are most affected during the osmotic and dehydration stresses and up/down regulation of genes resulting in altered expression of their corresponding proteins has been observed in cryo-tolerant plant cells. Understanding the specific...
one daughter cell on the apical side is maintained as the shoot apical cell and the other is destined to differentiate, and this cell continues dividing. All cells derived from asymmetric cell division of the shoot apical cell are called merophytes. Because each merophyte forms a leaf, the sp...
interrogation and investigation of a complex system, along with maintenance of a global perspective is needed to understand the system function is eventually a key challenge to biological intellect. The various levels of biological systems’ organization include cells, molecules, organelles, tissues, ...
Plant biotechnology is a great tool in several fields of human life such as medicine, pharmacology, agriculture, biomass, and biofuels. The use of nanotechnology represent and improvement in plant tissue culture that is a technique mostly used to produce
The two isoforms encode proteins differing only in five amino acids, where one protein (LjPCS2-7N) confers cad- mium (Cd) tolerance while the other does not, at least not when ectopically expressed in yeast cells [25]. A nodule specific gene (LjNOD70) shows an IntronR event in Lj, ...