The physiology of breast right from its development in utero to different stages of a woman's life involves a complex interplay of different hormones and growth factors acting through endocrine, paracrine and autocrine mechanisms. Estrogen promotes ductal development. Progesterone is responsible for ...
RANK and RANKL were also identified as critical mechanism in the development of hormone-induced breast cancer and metastatic spread to bone. In this review, we will focus on the various RANK/RANKL functions ranging from bone physiology, immune regulation, and initiation of breast cancer. 展开 ...
Recent studies imply that IGF-I levels vary greatly between normal women, and that premenopausal breast cancer risk is increased among women with higher IGF-I levels. It is known that tamoxifen lowers IGF-I levels, but further research is needed to determine whether antiestrogens will be of par...
Endocrine therapy in breast cancer: A nurse education package dedicated to the management and treatment of breast cancer.The Nurse Education Package includes expert-reviewed information on the biology and physiology of the breast, breast cancer and the pharmacology, rationale, and use of endocrine .....
Breast health is a source of concern for most women. Althoughbreast canceris a fairly commonmalignancyaffecting one out of every eight women in the U.S. at some point in life, benign (non-cancerous) conditions of the breast are much more common. Most masses and lumps in the breasts are...
Studies are needed to investigate all aspects of hot flashes in populations other than those with breast cancer, such as men with prostate cancer, carcinoid tumors, medullary thyroid tumors, pancreatic islet-cell tumors, renal cell carcinoma, and phenochromocytoma. 展开 关键词:...
Screening for psychosocial distress among patients with cancer: implications for clinical practice, healthcare policy, and dissemination to enhance cancer ... Accreditation standards are at the forefront of evolving healthcare systems, setting metrics for high-quality care. Healthcare outcomes (health, ...
mentofcancer,becausebreastcancerriskis clearlyandinverselyrelatedtotheageatwhich pregnancyfirstoccurs.Itispossiblethatthisis secondarytoanincreasedriskofcarcinogenesis whenthepre-parity,undifferentiated,andpro- liferatingmammaryepitheliumisexposedto carcinogens,ascomparedtotheeffectofthese samecarcinogensonthe...
The concept of cancer as a cell-autonomous disease has been challenged by the wealth of knowledge gathered in the past decades on the importance of tumor microenvironment (TM) in cancer progression and metastasis. The significance of endothelial cells (E
Medicine/Health Cancer Breast Cancer Diagnostics Physiology Technology/Engineering/Computer Science Biomedical/Environmental/Chemical EngineeringMedicine/Health Cancer Breast Cancer Diagnostics Physiology Technology/Engineering/Computer Science Biomedical/Environmental/Chemical EngineeringProceedings of the National Academy ...