Equalization of a phase modulated signalDESBLACHE, ANDRE EUGENE, NIZZAPIERRET, JEAN MARC, FALICON NICE
A phase-modulated digital signal has N states representing N symbols. The carrier frequency of the signal is estimated through filtering, multiplication of the phase by N, computation of a Fourier transform of the result, and finding the frequency at which the Fourier transform is at a maximum....
The instantaneous phase given in [25] has a time-varying frequency and the phase is constant for all time. In contrast, for a digitally phase modulated signal the phase term is also time-varying. If we extend Equation (1) to represent a phase modulated signal, the instantaneous phase then ...
neither the phase nor frequency of the optical signal carries information - only the intensity of the signal is used. To transmit more information in a single optical carrier, the phase of the optical carrier must be explored. As a result, there is renewed interest in phase-modulated optical ...
Suppose I(t) is the intensity of the optical pulse andϕ(t)is the phase given to the optical pulse at time t as shown in Fig.2.ϕ(t)is obtained by measuring the waveform signal input to the phase modulator and multiplying the proportionality constant estimated while calibrating the phas...
Transport of intensity equation For a light field, the wavefront determines the axial variation of the intensity in the direction of propagation. Specifically, there is a quantitative relationship between the gradient and curvature of the phase and the axial differentiation of intensity, the so-called...
The CPM method uses pulse shaping to smooth the phase transitions of the modulated signal. The functionq(t) is the phase response obtained from the frequency pulse,g(t), through this relation:q(t)=∫t− ∞g(t)dt. The specified frequency pulse shape corresponds to these pulse shape ex...
ϕcis the phase of the low frequency phase providing signal at the time point where the magnitude of the amplitude signal bursts is maximum.χis the fraction of amplitude signal that is not modulated by the phase signal, thus the coupling strength is given by (1 − χ). To ...
2. The basic current equation is given in the following equation:I=Ipv,cell-I0,cellexpqvakT-1where Ipv,cell is the current generated by the incident light (directly proportional to sun irradiation), I0,cell the leakage current Fuzzy MPPT The MPPT control is based on fuzzy logic to control...
transmission, high efficiency of transmission is obtained while imposing desired phase shift of the beam. The beam can be phase modulated by translating the diffraction element in accordance with a modulation signal. Frequency modulation can be obtained by varying the rate at which the phase shift ...