In contrast to free-space devices like the FSPM, guided wave phase modulators (GWPM) modulate the phase of a terahertz-guided wave in a waveguide or on chip. This modulation principle is completely different from the principle of the FSPM and can be divided into two categories: a ...
Phase diagrams of d-wave superconductivity characterized by an order parameter Δ coexisting with charge-density waves (CDWs) characterized by an order parameter Σ were constructed for the two-dimensional Fermi surface (FS) appropriate to, e.g., cuprates. CDWs were considered as an origin of ...
wave andPhase distribution is extracted from the complex complex amplitude distribution.A fourth step S4 for determining the center of gravity of each of the refractometric regions and.In the second step S2, the positive and negative phases of the complex amplitude distribution of one of the ...
It proves that the wave modulation accuracy is enhancing with the increase of elements quantity. For wave modulating of 3-lobes radiation, the 20 × 20 arrays are proposed and optimized, and their basic codes are increased to 32 for meeting the broadband requirement. Its broadband wave ...
Silicon high-speed binary phase-shift keying modulator with a single-drive push–pull high-speed traveling wave electrode Wedemonstratebinaryphaseshiftkeying(BPSK)modulationusingasiliconMach–Zehndermodulatorwithaπ-phase-shiftvoltage(Vπ)of?45VThesingle-drivepush–pulltravelingwaveelectrodehasbeenoptimizedusin...
Creating materials with time-variant properties is critical for breaking reciprocity that imposes fundamental limitations on wave propagation. However, it is challenging to realize efficient and ultrafast temporal modulation in a photonic system. Here, l
A three phase five-level NPC inverter circuit diagram is shown in Fig. 5. Each of the PWM modulation and operating principle PWM strategies used in a conventional inverter can be modified in multilevel inverters. Different PWM techniques are applied for controlling the active devices in a multi...
The modulation can be described with only 4 parameters and satisfies symmetry properties described by a centrosymmetric superspace group. The structural distortion is dominated by a frozen transversal mode associated with a single irreducible representation of Fddd, with a wave vector on the line Q, ...
18. The formation of soliton in fiber/fiber laser arises from the interplay between the anomalous dispersion and self-phase modulation effect, enabling the chirp-free feature and Sech2intensity profile. Attributing to periodic perturbations such as amplification and loss, the soliton maintains its ...
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a wavelength selective switch according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a spatial phase modulator according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is another schematic block diagram of a spati...