The pathophysiology of frozen shoulders is a complex and multifactorial process. The purpose of this review is to scope the currently available knowledge of the pathophysiology of frozen shoulders. Methods A sy
Osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and aging are independent processes; however, aging-related events lead to OA and RA. Studies have revealed that stress, a key hallmark of aging, promotes OA through cartilage degradation.117,118 Goldring62 investigated the altered expression of tRFs...
Osteoarthritis: Insights into Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, Therapeutic Avenues, and the Potential of Natural Extracts by Chiara Coppola 1,†, Marco Greco 2,†, Anas Munir 1, Debora Musarò 2, Stefano Quarta 2, Marika Massaro 3, Maria Giulia Lionetto 2 and Michele Maffia 4,* ...