AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the pathophysiology of humeral fractures in first-lactation dairy heifers in the North Island of New Zealand. METHODS: Ten 2-year-old dairy heifers with humeral fractures were subject to euthanasia and the fractured and non-fractured contralateral ...
Direct compression and damage of neural elements and blood vessels by fractured and displaced bone fragments or disc material occur after mechanical trauma. The secondary mechanism is initiated by the primary injury. The secondary mechanism includes a cascade of biochemical and cellular processes, such ...
Still, it is often overlooked and undertreated, in large part because it is clinically silent; there are no symptoms before a fracture occurs. (See the image below.) Osteoporosis of the spine. Observe the considerable reduction in overall vertebral bone density and note the lateral wedge ...
About half of all cancer patients show a syndrome of cachexia, characterized by anorexia and loss of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle mass. Cachexia can have a profound impact on quality of life, symptom burden, and a patient’s sense of dignity. It is a very serious complication, as weig...
Thus, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of the causes of osteoporosis secondary to trauma, while also delineating clinical diagnostic approaches, management strategies, and prospects for future research endeavors. 2. Epidemiology Osteoporosis, the chronic and progressive loss of bone mass, ...
Low bone mass (T-score of –1.0 to –2.5 at the femoral neck or spine) and a 10-year probability of a hip fracture of 3% or greater or a 10-year probability of a major osteoporosis-related fracture of 20% or greater, based on the US-adapted fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) ...