is a reversible syndrome commonly found among patients presenting for acute coronary syndromes, especially women. With the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of takotsubo cardiomyopathy was dramatically increased. However, this clinical cardiac entity remains underdiagnosed, largely due to the interplay with...
Mineral metabolism may also be affected although relatively little work has been conducted in cattle. Changes in body composition reflect a reduction in deposition of muscle protein and fat, and an increase in bone content and water retention.M.T.Fox...
A wound is defined as a break in the epithelial integrity of the skin. However, the disruption could be deeper, extending to the dermis, subcutaneous fat, fascia, muscle or even the bone. Normal wound healing involves a complex and dynamic but superbly orchestrated series of events leading to...
About half of all cancer patients show a syndrome of cachexia, characterized by anorexia and loss of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle mass. Cachexia can have a profound impact on quality of life, symptom burden, and a patient’s sense of dignity. It is a very serious complication, as weig...
We also describe how viruses, in particular herpesviruses, have a role in the induction of many different autoimmune diseases, detailing the various mechanisms involved. Lastly, we discuss the microbiome and the beneficial microbiota that populate it. We look at the role of the gut microbiome in ...
The HMP shunt, however, is an alternate pathway in which glucose is broken down into different metabolic intermediates required for cellular protection against oxidative damage [39,41,42,43,45]. The flux of glucose through both pathways depends on O2 variation in the cells [39,41,42,43]. ...
Bone formation is a process in which bone matter is deposited by cells called osteoblasts. Bone resorption is the opposite process: cells called osteoclasts absorb bone matter. These two processes must stay in perfect balance for maintenance of healthy levels of bone density. In someone with osteop...
RANKL is best known as a regulator of bone remodeling and lymph-node organogenesis. However, the mRNA encoding RANKL is also produced in the lateral septal nucleus of the brain that interconnects with the hypothalamus, and the RANKL receptor is found in astrocytes in the hypothalamic preoptic ...
The second section will discuss cardiac small molecule therapies currently used to treat heart disease in DMD, with a focus on the evidence supporting the use of each drug in dystrophic patients. The final section will outline the strengths and limitations of approaches directed at correcting the ...