Based on the Butler–Volmer equation the overpotential of the oxygen electrode in URFCs can be calculated in dependence on the current density and on the charge transfer coefficient (αo) of the catalyst on the oxygen side, see Fig. 11.5. As expected, performance in EL mode is progressively...
While electrolysis of water is the simplest and cleanest method for hydrogen production, its essential half-reaction OER has quite a slow kinetic process for dividing the electron transfer into multiple stages, reducing the overall efficiency of water decomposition [9]. To enhance OER performance, ...
Taking Ni(OH)2 as an example, the surface structure during the OER in an alkaline solution evolves according to Equation (15), where Ni2+ from Ni(OH)2 is oxidized into Ni3+ in NiOOH. The specific phase transformation is illustrated in Bode's diagram (Fig. 4d) and includes four ...
Common half-cell measurements deliver oxygen reduction activities linked to the chosen scan rate, limiting their value for fundamental and comparative studies on platinum. Here we show a deconvolution of the intrinsic kinetics from the effect of surface
can be attributed to the presence of Na-containing functional groups adjacent to C2-Cu-N4sites in the CuNa-CF catalyst, which modulate the ORR catalytic activity of the C2-Cu-N4sites. The half-wave potential of the CuPc+NaCl-CF catalyst is between that of CuNa-CF and CuPc-CF, ...
The success of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) depends on active and robust electrocatalysts to facilitate oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Heteroatom-doped-RuOx has emerged as a promising electrocatalysts because heteroatoms suppress
(Supplementary Fig.20). The ORR activity for as-prepared catalyst and the one post long-term electrolysis are evaluated in 25 mL of 0.1 M O2-saturated HClO4, and corresponding LSV curves are plotted in Fig.4c. For as-prepared catalyst, the ORR onset potential locates at ~ 0.6...
Ozone may be produced from oxygen according to the equation: The process, as written, is endothermic (energy must be provided to make it proceed);conversionof ozone back into diatomic oxygen is promoted by the presence of transition metals or their oxides. Pure oxygen is partly transformed into...
Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a crucial half-reaction in electrochemical water splitting, and efficient and durable electrocatalysts are required to improve the sluggish OER kinetics. However, the inevitable formation of chemical oxygen species (COSs) in the OER process heavily impacts the reaction...
Thus, ammonia burns in oxygen in the absence of catalysts, the reaction proceeding according to the equation 4NH3 X 3O2 = 2N2 X 6H2O. Oxidation of ammonia with oxygen in the presence of catalysts yields NO (this process is used in the production of nitric acid). Of particular importance...