The value of electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) of electrocatalysts was calculated using the following equation: $${ECSA}={C}_{{dl}}/{C}_{s}\times S$$ (3) where Cdl was given by the half slope of (Δj = janodic − jcathodic) plotted against the scan rate, Cs...
ions. Under certain conditions, these OH−ions may move along the pathways then the ceramic material will be an OH−ionic conductor. The possibility of OH−ion formation in perovskite oxides has been reported by theoretical calculations in previous studies23,24,25,26,27although high OH−io...
Write the balanced equation, including states of matter, for the reduction half-reaction. Reduction Reaction: The gain of hydrogen atoms, or loss of oxygen atoms, or gain of electrons, or decreasing oxidation states of the el...
In two-chamber microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) with anion exchange membranes (AEMs), a phosphate buffer solution (PBS) is typically used to avoid increases in catholyte pH as Nernst equation calculations indicate that high pHs adversely impact electrochemical performance. However, ion transport ...
The surface energy (α) was determined by using the following equation: $${\alpha }=\frac{{E}_{slab}-{n}{E}_{bulk}}{2{A}}$$ (1) where\({E}_{{slab}}\)is the total energy of the slab,\({E}_{{bulk}}\)is the energy of a bulk unit,nis the number of bulk unit in ...
Water oxidation presents a promising avenue for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. However, the reliance on alkaline bicarbonate electrolytes as an intermediate has limitations, such as H2O2 decomposition and a narrow pH effectiveness range (7–9), res
To tabulate the conversion with respect to manipulated variables, the required equation (Equations (14) and (15)) was introduced as a Fortran statement. Then, the simulation model was executed for different manipulated variables. Based on these resulting conversion values, the number of graphs was...
States of Matter(物质的状态) Composition of Matter (物质的构成) Chemical and Physical Properties(化学性质和物理性质) Chemical and Physical Changes (化学变化和物理变化) Conservation of Mass (质量守恒) Energy 能量 Definition of Energy(能量的定义) ...
The Debye-Scherer equation was used to calculate the mean crystallite size, as shown in Eq. (3).(3)D=Kλβcosθwhere D is the mean crystallite size, K is the Scherrer constant (K = 0.89), λ is the wavelength of Cu Ka (1.5405 Å), β is the full width at half-maximum intens...
(E) were converted to the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) based on the following equation: ERHE = EHg/HgO + 0.059 pH + E0Hg/HgO. The potential of reference electrode and the pH value of the used electrolyte were examined before the electrochemical measurement (...