HER is the key half-reaction to produce hydrogen at the cathode in water electrolysis which involves a two-electron transfer process. The mechanism of this HER is highly dependent on the environmental condition. For the HER reaction in acidic media, there are three possible reaction steps. ...
The minimum amount of steam theoretically required to convert this biomass into syn gas can be estimated through the following equation below. (11.9)xst,min=MwtH2OMwtCHnOm(1−m) Subtracting the moisture present in the biomass feed from the above value will give an amount of steam from ...
Full electrolysis of water refers to the simultaneous occurrence of HER and OER half-reactions in the same electrolyte. The main energy consumption of the electrolyzer is to overcome the slow kinetics of HER and OER [64], so it is necessary to use catalysts with high energy conversion efficienc...
‘pumping action’ helps the reproducibility ofelectrode reactionsby the flow of analyte as the flux from the bulk to the electrode surface [79]. The Levich equation is named after the Russian electrochemist Veniamin Levich, who first stated the relationship between RDE currents andanalyte ...
in 1885 discovered an equation for representing the wavelengths of hydrogen spectral lines, of which nine had been observed in the laboratory and of which five more were photographed in the spectrum of thestarSirius. The wavelengths, lambda (λ), in angstroms, were represented by the formula:λ...
acidic media, the first step is the so-called Volmer step (also known as the discharge process) and concerns the reaction of an electron with a proton, forming an intermediate state of an adsorbed hydrogen atom (Hads) on the active site of the catalytic surface, as drawn by Equation 10....
HER is the key half-reaction to produce hydrogen at the cathode in water electrolysis which involves a two-electron transfer process. The mechanism of this HER is highly dependent on the environmental condition. For the HER reaction in acidic media, there are three possible reaction steps. ...
The starting point for modelling of in-plane transport of a liquid within a porous material under a capillary action, is the Hagen–Poiseuille equation, to which a term for tortuosity (τ) was added to reflect the actual distance travelled by the liquid [Eq.1]: ...
Utilizing Equation (5), the ensemble of 2-TSLNs can be consolidated, taking into account the UV value derived from DM risk aversion (as indicated in Equation (6)). Moreover, this aggregation process can be extended by incorporating Equation (7) to address the concept of regret aversion. To...
This net reaction (Equation 2) is endergonic, but can be driven electrochemically via two countervailing half-reactions; the oxidation of H2O to O2 (Equation 3) and the two-electron, two-proton partial reduction of O2 to H2O2 (Equation 4):(Equation 3)2H2O→ O2 + 4H+ + 4e−, E0 =...