OTTOMAN EmpireINDUSTRIALIZATIONSCIENCE educationTECHNOLOGICAL innovationsThe European Reformation, Renaissance, and Enlightenment ushered in an era of unprecedented scientific and technological advancements. These advancements, in turn, fuelled the Industrial Revolution, which propelled European nations to...
In this book, only inventions, discoveries and innovations are listed chronologically; their technical specifications are not disclosed. Written by the Ottomans at the end of the 19th century, this work has been studied with the idea that it can shed light on the Ottomans' understanding of ...
History of Sudan - Egyptian-Ottoman rule over the Sudan: In July 1820 Muḥammad ʿAlī, viceroy of Egypt under the Ottoman Empire, sent an army under his son Ismāʿīl to conquer the Sudan. Muḥammad ʿAli was interested in the gold and enslav
In 1204, in the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade, Crusaders sold the island to Venice, which fitted Crete into its growing commercial empire. The native Cretans, however, never abandoned their Orthodox religion, Greek language, and popular lore. The Ottoman Turks, who were already in control ...