This chapter discusses treatments for tobacco use disorder, nicotine addiction, and smoking cessation. Though tobacco use and smoking rates have decreased globally, there are still millions of people worldwide who are current users. Most tobacco in the United States is consumed via smoking, but ...
[精解] 题干询问大学生更容易患上的症状是什么。文章中The college students were also less likely to have a drug-use disorder. nicotine dependence. And they were less likely to have used tobacco. But their risk of alcohol disorders was greater. 为关键句,需注意连接词but和比较级常是出题点。
Second, the NCS Tobacco Supplement did not gather information on smoking initiation; consequently, we could not estimate the risk of nicotine dependence among persons who had ever smoked. Nonetheless, the NCS data allowed us to chart important aspects in the course of tobacco use. We found that...
The epidemiology of tobacco use, dependence, and cessation in the United States. Prim Care 26: 433–461. Spitz MR, Shi H, Yang F, Hudmon KS, Jiang H, Chamberlain RM et al (1998). Case-control study of the D2 dopamine receptor gene and smoking status in lung cancer patients. J ...
Cognitive deficits during nicotine withdrawal may contribute to smoking relapse. However, interacting effects of chronic nicotine dependence and acute nicotine withdrawal on cognitive control are poorly understood. Here we examine the effects of nicotine
Nicotine dependence, a predictor of maintenance and unsuccessful quit attempts of tobacco use, is defined by the American Psychiatric Association as a destructive pattern of nicotine use that leads to significant social, occupational, or medical impairment (Association, 1994). ...
We examined prospectively the association between nicotine dependence and major depression (MDD). The following questions were addressed: (1) Are smokers with a history of MDD at increased risk for progression to nicotine dependence and more severe levels of dependence? (2) Are persons with a hist...
use disorder reversed the direction of effect of baseline AD from protective to causative in the NESARC cohort [33]. The NCS follow-up revealed larger increased odds of daily smoking onset in respondents with alcohol or other substance abuse/dependence (OR point estimates between 2.6 and 4.2). ...
The use of e-cigarettes or vapes, broadly referred to as electronicnicotinedelivery systems (ENDS), remains controversial despite their increasing popularity and media attention. These devices not only address the physiologic dependence on nicotine but also potentially address the behavioral and sensory ...
use disorder reversed the direction of effect of baseline AD from protective to causative in the NESARC cohort [33]. The NCS follow-up revealed larger increased odds of daily smoking onset in respondents with alcohol or other substance abuse/dependence (OR point estimates between 2.6 and 4.2). ...