It should be clear that tobacco and its patterns of use share many characteristics with other prototypic dependence-producing drugs. Initial use - usually on a trial basis - soon escalates as a process of dose graduation to a full level of dependence (physical as well as behavioral). The ...
Nicotine and tobacco dependence: normalization or stimulation?ElectroencephalographyDominant alpha frequencyNicotineTobaccoDepressionDeprivationStimulationNormalizationNicotine and tobacco use produces mixed stimulant and depressant effects on various brain functions in animals and human beings. Results of electro...
[精解] 题干询问大学生更容易患上的症状是什么。文章中The college students were also less likely to have a drug-use disorder. nicotine dependence. And they were less likely to have used tobacco. But their risk of alcohol disorders was greater. 为关键句,需注意连接词but和比较级常是出题点。
B, Considering dual-product users with the other products confirms that e-cigarette users began to exceed use of all other tobacco products among adolescents with high levels of nicotine dependence. The 2021 numbers may underestimate tobacco use compared with earlier years, as discussed in the ...
Cognitive deficits during nicotine withdrawal may contribute to smoking relapse. However, interacting effects of chronic nicotine dependence and acute nicotine withdrawal on cognitive control are poorly understood. Here we examine the effects of nicotine
We examined prospectively the association between nicotine dependence and major depression (MDD). The following questions were addressed: (1) Are smokers with a history of MDD at increased risk for progression to nicotine dependence and more severe levels of dependence? (2) Are persons with a hist...
The article presents a study which was aimed at examining socioeconomic status (SES)'s effect on nicotine dependence, willingness to quit, and self-efficacy. The study made use of the data obtained from the 2002 International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey (ITC-4) of adult smokers...
2024 Nicotine Pouch Use Among US Military Personnel Research December 17, 2024 E-Cigarette Nicotine Delivery by Nicotine Form, Concentration, and Flavor Research August 9, 2024 Sign Up for Emails Based on Your Interests Others Also Liked We recommend Evaluation of Nicotine Dependence among Smokers in...
Nicotine dependence, a predictor of maintenance and unsuccessful quit attempts of tobacco use, is defined by the American Psychiatric Association as a destructive pattern of nicotine use that leads to significant social, occupational, or medical impairment (Association, 1994). ...
However, if e-cigarette use were to persist in the long term, it is likely to carry some health risks58, as well as maintaining nicotine dependence. In this scenario, e-cigarettes would represent a harm reduction approach. It is also not known whether, over an extended time period, e-...