Diuronotus is one of the most recently described genera of Paucitubulatina, one of the three major clades in Gastrotricha. Its morphology suggests that Diuronotus is an early branch of Paucitubulatina, making it a key taxon for understanding the evolutio
15 The innervation status of NMJ was also assessed after labeling with NF and BTX by categorizing them as innervated if there was any overlap between the two labels or denervated if NF was completely absent at the synaptic junction.16 A minimum of 300 junctions was analyzed for each mouse ...
A Novel Labeling Approach Identifies Three Stability Levels of Acetylcholine Receptors in the Mouse Neuromuscular Junction In Vivo.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020524Background: The turnover of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction is regulated in an activity-dependent manner. Upon denervation ...
The Neuromuscular Junction: Aging at the Crossroad between Nerves and Muscle.Front Aging Neurosci.2014;6:208. 10. Punga AR and Ruegg MA. Signaling and aging at the neuromuscular synapse: lessons learnt from neuromuscular diseases.Curr Opin Pharmacol.2012;12:340-346.. 11. Vandervoort AA. ...
We applied Alexa 488-BTX labeling of diaphragm muscles from E14.5 single and double knockouts to analyze postsynaptic AChR clustering during the initial phase of NMJ formation. Compared to control mice, diaphragms of both HSA-β-cat−/− and CaV1.1−/− single-knockout mice showed a ...
Verstreken P, Ohyama T, Bellen HJ (2008) FM 1-43 labeling of synaptic vesicle pools at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction. Methods Mol Biol 440:349–369. : 10.1007/978-1-59745-178-9_26 CentralVerstreken P, Ohyama T, Bellen HJ (2008) FM 1–43 labeling of...
Our daily life depends on muscle contraction, a process that is controlled by the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). However, the mechanisms of NMJ assembly remain unclear. Here we show that Rapsn, a protein critical for NMJ formation, undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and condensates ...
(F–G) Immunolabeling is found associated with microtubules (arrowsin [G]) and in (F) at the points of contact (arrows) between a vesicle (v) and microtubules (arrowheads).Double arrowheadsin (F) show that most protein is associated with the cell membrane. (H–I) Photoreceptor and ...
We used as template for probe labeling full-length cDNA of mouse embigin (cloning see below). We subcloned a PCR-amplified 527-bp fragment of the mouse ribosomal protein L8 gene into pGEM-T easy vector (Invitrogen, primers 5′-ACTGGACAGTTCGTGTACTG-3′ and 5′-CTCTAGTTCTCCTTCTCCTG-3...
acetylcholine; aging; contraction; diaphragm; end-plate; neurotransmitter release; neuromuscular junction; respiration; synaptic vesicle; synapsin1. Introduction The diaphragm muscle (DIAm) is the main respiratory muscle, which is constantly used throughout life. However, like other muscles, it is ...