Fill in thew blanks: ___ is a set of reactions in which there is the breakdown of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid, and ___ is the formation of glucose molecules from noncarbohydrate sources. What is the net gain of ATP molecules produced directly by glyco...
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The voltage across the mitochondrial membrane drives ATP synthesis. High glucose levels enhance glycolysis, increasing electron donation to the ETC. This elevation in electron flux raises the membrane potential, leading to increased electron donation to oxygen, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), ...