Only limited studies have analyzed the activity of pancreatic digestive enzymes that has been secreted into small intestine, however, contradictory effects were reported. For example, Han et al. [99] reported increased enzyme activities of lipase and α-amylase in the duodenum in ducks exposed to ...
Thus, the local consumers could be exposed to higher OTA level, because coffee beans with defects have a higher possibility of Aspergillus and associated OTA contamination [67]. In addition, mycotoxins have also been reported in industrially processed alcoholic beverages in Et...
deoxynivalenol, a trichothecene, which first had been recognized for its pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities (Pestka et al.1990; Pestka2010a,b; Rotter et al.1996). However, various other mycotoxins have been studied regarding their effects on the intestinal barrier, both in vitro as ...
The intestine is the key link between ingested mycotoxins and their detrimental effects on the animal. Effects on the intestine, or intestinal environment, and immune system have been reported with various mycotoxins. These effects are almost certainly occurring across species. Most, if not all, of...
The tubes were shaken and exposed to a photosynthetic photon flux of 50 μm ol·m−2s−1 mforea1s5u mreidn.uTsihnegraeascpteioctnrowpahsoitnoimtiaetteedr,aannddttehremtiunbaetesdcobnyttauinrnininggththeeaslisgahytmonixatunrde,owff,itrheospuetctthiveesleye. dTlhinegAe5x60trwa...
Therefore, in this study, Nile tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) (average weight: 30 卤 2 g; n = 48) were simultaneously exposed to low-level mycotoxins (AFB1 40 g/kg, FB 600 g/kg, ZEN 50 g/kg, and DON 150 g/kg) added to diet, with and without supplementation of commercially ...
Ruminants have been shown to be generally less exposed to the adverse effects of mycotoxins because the rumen microflora partially breaks them down. When ingested by ruminants, some of the ingested aflatoxin B1 is broken down in the rumen. As early as 1984, Kiessling et al. [107] suggested ...
The synthesis of fumonisins in planta, which takes place with or without colonization with competitors, might improve the efficiency of the protection by loading the kernels with fumonisins before they are shed and exposed to soilborne saprophytes. 5. Materials and Methods 5.1. Fungal Strains ...
Chang and Xue [254] had previously reported a decreased activity of wheat protoplasts exposed to 30–50 ppm T-2 toxin. Vesonder [255], using a duckweed (Lemna minor L.) bioassay, found that a doubling of the T-2 toxin concentration (3.3 to 6.7 μg·mL−1) decreased leaf ("frond"...
In this study, high doses of silibinin (55-109 µM) caused cytotoxic effect when HEK293T cells were exposed to T-2, HT-2, and DAS. In this case, it could be hypothesized that the additivity and slight antagonism are the sum of individual effects of silibinin and mycotoxins. ...