Effect of Multiple Weak Impacts on Evolution of Stresses and Strains in Geo-materialsThe paper describes experimental findings on stresses and strains in specimens made of an equivalent geo-material and subjected to static compression and multiple weak impacts. Against the background......
shanghaiensis) are unisexual (selfers), meaning that sexually mature cells in a clonal population mate with one another upon starvation (Chen et al., 1982; Simon et al., 2009) and all their progeny are selfers. Cells of other species (e.g., T. pyriformis and T. vorax) have lost ...
The figure shows an eventual stable co-ESS of all four strains introduced in the system, where the evolution starts from individual ESS single infection virulence given by \(\alpha ^*=\sqrt{K_{0i}\mu }\). One can see that long-term co-evolution results in a reduction of the densities...
In most male mammals, fitness is strongly shaped by competitive access to mates, a non-shareable resource. How, then, did selection favor the evolution of cooperative social bonds? We used behavioral and genetic data on wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in Gombe National Park, Tan...
and nine out of the other 18 genes have orthologs in humans and mice (Supplementary Table2). To investigate the biological functions of these putative FOXO-regulated genes, single-gene siRNA knockdown was performed inC. elegans, and the lifespan of the knockdown and control strains was measured...
In the absence of gene therapy, the proportion of infected cells increased rapidly and completely saturated the tissue in less than 500 days (Figure 2A). A propor- tion of these cells harboured new strains, which evolved mutations that would have conferred resistance to 1...
2a), the electronic structure of the metallic phase is quasi-2D, meaning that the hydride ligand acts as a ‘π-blocker’. The dimensional control from 2D to 1D is possible in the n-legged spin ladder oxyhydrides Srn+1VnO2n+1Hn (n = 1, 2,.., ∞) (Fig. 1g)90. During the...
(ASB, including both allele-specific TF binding and allele-specific histone modifications), can contribute to phenotypic diversity and may play important roles in adaptive evolution [1–3]. Many allele-specific (AS) events have been found to correlate with variants in genomic sequences [4–11]....
3. Consistent with commonly used evolution models [41, 44–46], we assume the optimization of a composite organism is determined by a single fitness function. The contribution of each code to fitness is assumed to arise by aggregation of constraint commonly found in multi-objective optimization ...
In this work, we sequenced the genome of a virus that infects the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis and that was previously identified as a Rotifer birnavirus (RBV) from biochemical and microscopy criteria [19]. Starting from the RBV sequence, we revisited the evolution of the Birnaviridae and the...