The expression levels of M1 macrophage markers increased to a greater extent compared with M2 markers in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-choroid complexes following laser photocoagulation. By contrast, the expression levels of M2 macrophage markers increased primarily in the retinas. ...
The iNOS and arginase-1 protein expression in granulomas in situ were used as surrogate markers for the M1 and M2 macrophage phenotypes, respectively. The M1/M2 balance emerged as a best correlate of the granuloma outcome. Double-positive cells were found in granuloma walls, and phenotypically ...
Ascites fluid or peritoneal lavages were analyzed for inflammatory cell and macrophage content, and for mRNA expression of M1 and M2 macrophage markers by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. 2-tailed Mann-Whitney tests were used for measuring differences between groups in in vivo experiments. Results ...
Ascites fluid or peritoneal lavages were analyzed for inflammatory cell and macrophage content, and for mRNA expression of M1 and M2 macrophage markers by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. 2-tailed Mann-Whitney tests were used for measuring differences between groups in in vivo experiments. Results ...
A. et al. Novel markers to delineate murine M1 and M2 macrophages. PLoS ONE 10, e0145342 (2015). PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Finak, G. et al. MAST: a flexible statistical framework for assessing transcriptional changes and characterizing heterogeneity in single-cell RNA sequencing ...
Following M1 macrophage infiltration, macrophages switch to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. In vitro, it has been shown that M1 to M2 phenotype switch is obtained after phagocytosis of either apoptotic or necrotic myogenic cells. Specifically, M1 macrophages show decreased expression of iNOS, CCL3...
A. et al. Novel Markers to Delineate Murine M1 and M2 Macrophages. PloS one 10, e0145342, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145342 (2015). Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Shen-Orr, S. S. & Gaujoux, R. Computational deconvolution: extracting cell type-specific information from...
6a, b). In addition, M1-type macrophage markers IL-6, TNF-α, and RANTES mRNA level in macrophages (Fig. 6c) and protein level in macrophage culture supernatant (Fig. 6d–f) were upregulated by hypoxia and downregulated by HMPL-013. Meanwhile, M2-type macrophage markers CD206, Arg1, ...
M1 and M2 macrophages that are generally considered to be pro- and anti-inflammatory, respectively, and that the ratio of Ccl22 to Cxcl11 could be used to characterize the polarization of the macrophage population within the advanced AMD retina.24 We used these markers to identify these ...
However, the scope of information gained from histological studies can be limited or even misconstrued when microglial cells are classified into purported states of polarization—such as the formerly used “M1” and “M2” macrophage states—using only a handful of markers (Heppner et al., 2015,...