As a consequence of multiple protein interactions, ligases activity may be enhanced to complete a specific strand joining reaction. In humans, three ligase genes encoding four ligases (ligase I, ligase IIIalpha, ligase IIbeta, and ligase IV) are required for replication, recombination, repair, ...
The DNA damage repair regulatory protein RNF168, a monomeric RING-type E3 ligase, has a crucial role in regulating cell fate and DNA repair by specific and efficient ubiquitination of the adjacent K13 and K15 (K13/15) sites at the H2A N-terminal tail. However, understanding how RNF168 co...
CRISPR-Cas systems and IS200/IS605 transposon-associated TnpBs have been utilized for the development of genome editing technologies. Using bioinformatics analysis and biochemical experiments, here we present a new family of RNA-guided DNA endonucleases.
Pol μ is capable of performing gap-filling repair synthesis in the nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway. Together with DNA ligase, misincorporation of dGTP opposite the templating T by Pol μ results in a promutagenic T:G mispair, leading to genomic instability. Here, crystal structures an...
What is an alteration in the DNA structure or sequence of a gene called? Which enzyme is responsible for copying DNA into an RNA transcript? a. helicase b. spliceosome c. DNA polymerase d. RNA polymerase e. ligase a. What are the major enzymes or mechanisms needed for the ...
This subset encompassed bHLH, MYB, WRKY, NAC, proline dehydrogenase 2 (PRODH2), the negative regulator of systemic acquired resistance SNI1, and the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase BOI. These genes are likely involved in carotenoid synthesis through their potential influence on the expression of gene...
Extraction of total proteins We extracted the total protein using a previous method [17]. We added the SDT protein lysate to the protein solution and kept it in an ice bath for 5 min. The reaction was then centrifuged at 95 °C for 8 min. We add DTT reagent to the supernatant, and ...
Phospholipase D (PLD, EC 3.1.4.4) could synthesize novel medicinal bioactive phospholipids [1] by introducing its functional polar heads into the common phospholipids through the transphosphatidyl reaction. The phosphatidyl derivatives, including phosphatidylglycerol (PG) [2, 3], phosphatidyl ethanolamine...
Accurate chromosomal DNA replication is essential to maintain genomic stability. Genetic evidence suggests that certain repetitive sequences impair replication, yet the underlying mechanism is poorly defined. Replication could be directly inhibited by th
MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are promising biomarkers for early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) detection and prognostic prediction. This study aimed to explore the potential biomarkers and molecular pathogenesis in the early diagnosis of ESCC. Firstly, 4