In a recent study, after stimulation with IFN-γ and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Mao et al. discovered that citrulline levels in macrophages quickly dropped, a phenomenon necessary for the effective initiation of proinflammatory signaling. On a molecular level, citrulline depletion is triggered by I...
The few studies that have attempted to assess reactivatable reservoirs in monocytes12,13 often used assays not optimized for the unique biology of these cells, resulting in mixed outcomes. Currently, there are no standardized, reproducible methods to assess HIV reactivation from the monocyte reservoir...
IL-1β was produced mainly by JAWS II dendritic cells, only a concentration of 100 µg/ml B4C 2 induced the production of this cytokine by M0 macrophages. Overall, JAWS II cells produced all analyzed cytokines at a constant level, regardless of the concentration of boron carbide. Fig. 6...
Taken together, the above examples demonstrate that a complex regulatory network exits between transcription factors of miRNAs and lncRNAs that drive macrophage polarization, thereby suggesting their importance as regulatory elements in macrophage biology. 3. Interaction between macrophages and ILCs ILCs in ...
Tumor-associated macrophages are a critical component of the TME. In general, these macrophages have tumor-promoting functions such as tumor initiation, growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, immunosuppression and resistance to therapy [6]. Elucidating the role of macrophages in tumor biology is crucial as...
and is considered a negative feedback regulator of macrophages [70,71]. In addition, IL-10 is one of the significant markers of M2a cells in human and mice [4,7,8,29]. In allergic asthma, IL-10 level is elevated in serum [72], but decreases in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), which ...
cyclinbiology.Therearefourmajorclassesofmammalian cyclins:cyclinAregulatesSphaseprogression,cyclinB regulatesG2/Mphasetransition,cyclinDregulatesG1phase progressionandcyclinEregulateslateG1/Sphasetransition [seeref.1andreferencesthereinforreview]. Macrophageshaveplayedakeyroleinelucidationofthe ...
Microglia Biology: One Century of Evolving Concepts 2019, Cell Citation Excerpt : Rather, contributions of circulating HSC-derived macrophage precursors, the classical monocytes, are associated with challenges and inflammation but also then are believed to remain transient (Ajami et al., 2011). Moreov...
Macrophages are crucial members of the innate immune response and important regulators. The differentiation and activation of macrophages require the timely regulation of gene expression, which depends on the interaction of a variety of factors, includin
The significantly augmented ROS level was considered to subsequently hasten the process of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in MG-63 cells. Sequential decomposition of CCM/IDINPs upon NIR laser and X-ray irradiation In this study, the CCM/IDINP was designed as a multicomponent system and was ...