CD68: CD68 is a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily expressed on the surface of macrophages and is commonly used as a general marker for macrophages. While CD68 is not a specific marker for M2 macrophages, it
1G). The addition of EVs further increased the expressions of surface markers of CD8+ T cell exhaustion, decreased the production of effector cytokines, and weakened the proliferation of CD8+ T cells and the ability to kill Hep1-6 cells. Altogether, M2 macrophage-derived EVs promoted CD8+ T...
were further confirmed by diminished expression of CD11c, the M1 macrophage surface marker. Further researches showed that the mechanism was due to that Pen. downregulated the activity of p65, key transcription factor for Ml polarization. On the other hand, Pen. also enhanced M2 polarization with ...
Capitalizing on the fact that during embryonic development, transcription factor usage and surface-marker expression differ between yolk-sac-derived and definitive- hematopoietic stem cells (HSC)-derived macrophages, specific tools were developed to define macrophages ontogeny. For example, definitive-HSC ...
4i). Furthermore, we found that Noc4lLKO BMDMs potently decreased the M2 macrophage marker Arg1 mRNA expression after treating with IL-4, and the basal expression levels of the M2 macrophage markers Arg1, Mrc1 were significantly reduced in unstimulated Noc4lLKO BMDMs (Fig. 4j). Moreover, ...
(B) Expression of AFAP1-AS1, miR-26a, and ATF2 in KYSE410 cells after co-culture with M2 macrophages. (C) Protein band of ATF2 in KYSE410 cells after co-culture with M2 macrophages. (D) Protein expression of ATF2 in KYSE410 cells after co-culture with M2 macrophages. (E) Wound ...
These markers can be used to distinguish M2 macrophages from other cell types. SpeciesMacrophage typeMarkerMarker type Human M2 IDO Secreted Human M2 IL-10 Secreted Human M2 TGF-b Secreted Human M2 CD115 Surface Human M2 CD204 Surface Human M2 CD163 Surface Human M...
frutescens on M1/M2 surface marker expression The expression of the M1 CD86 molecule on the surface of RAW 264.7 cells was significantly augmented (p < 0.001), relative to the DMSO vehicle control group after stimulation with LPS (200 ng mL− 1) for 24 h. This expression was reduced in...
mediated M2 activation, which is the one most commonly described. IL-4 greatly stimulates the expression of mannose receptor, which is an opsonin- independent cell surface particle receptor (or pattern-recognition receptor) and is widely accepted as the canonical marker for M2 macrophages. M2 ...
Macrophages have been proved to be able to be polarized and have been characterized based on their functions as surface markers and their cytokine/chemokine profiles. Classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2) are at the opposite ends of this spectrum. M1 macr...