M2 macrophage polarization is driven by transcription factors such as STAT6, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), and Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4). IL-4 and IL-13 activate STAT6, which promotes the expression of M2-associated genes, such as arginase 1 (ARG1), mannose...
It has recently been shown that Wnt ligands promote M2 macrophage polarization and so we sought to determine the effects of a Wnt signaling antagonist, Secreted Frizzled Related Protein 1 (SFRP1), on M2 marker expression. We measured a murine M2 marker (Arg1) in mice with a targeted deletion...
Accordingly, the lungs of IL-33-treated mice showed decreased expression of M1 marker (iNOS2) and increased expression of M2 markers (Arg1 and Ym1) compared to the TB group (Fig. 5g–i). All together, these results indicate that IL-33 treatment ameliorates ongoing M. tuberculosis ...
TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, TGF-β1, ARG1, and CD163, and found that the mRNA expression of MCP1, IL-10, TGF-β1, ARG1, and CD163 was increased, while that of IL-1β was decreased, indicating enhanced macrophage migration and M2 polarisation in LIGHT-induced cardiac remodelling (Fig....
M1 macrophage-CM promotes proliferation of AECs. A, B Western blotting (A) and subsequent quantification of SP-C (type 2 AEC marker) and AGER (type 1 AEC marker) (B) in whole-lung homogenates of mice from the indicated groups. Actin was used as a loading control. C Representative image...
To our knowledge, the importance of amino acids or amino acid À elicited mTORC1 activation in macrophage polarization has not been studied26. A very recent paper27 reported decreased expression of some M2 marker genes in amino-acid starved and IL-4-stimulated macrophages, a compatible ...
2B). Western blot analysis confirmed that the M1 marker iNOS had low expression and the M2 marker Arg1 had high expression in M2-Exo-treated VM mice (Fig. 2C). Fluorescence results showed that the co-localization of the M2 marker (Arg1) with the macrophage marker CD68 was significantly ...
fluid(BALF)was obtained and the cells in BALF were analyzed by flow cytometry and qPCR to detectthe expression of M2-type macrophage markers including CD206,IL10 and Arg1. The concentration of M1-type macrophage marker TNF-α in th...
Interestingly, we found that compared to Rock1, Klf4 seems to have a more pronounced effect on the M2 macrophage polarization marker Arg1. This could be related to the fact that Rock1 not only participates in the M2 polarization pathway but is also involved in the M1 macrophage polarization ...
S4A). Moreover, we examined whether the CM of untreated (CM) or cisplatin-treated lung cancer cells (Cis-CM) promoted M2 macrophage polarization in RAW264.7 and THP-1 cell lines (Fig. 4A). RT-qPCR and flow cytometry confirmed increased M2 marker Arg1 mRNA and higher CD206+ and ST2L+/...