长期以来,“马克思的生态学”(Marx’s ecology)这一表述被认为是自相矛盾的(oxymoronic)。马克思的批评者,甚至还包括许多宣称自己是马克思主义者的人,都相信马克思预设(presupposed )了不受限制的经济和科技的发展作为历史的自然规律(natural law of history),并将这一规律宣传为对自然的绝对控制(absolute mastery of...
The criticism directed by the Utopian Socialism of St. Simon and Fourier and by the materialist communism of Owen and Marx against the bourgeois concept of ‘progress’ is, in part, a restoration and further development of the rational kernel of that same early bourgeois idea. Socialism ...
This book offers the first realist reconstruction of Marx’s critique of capitalism. Reading Marx through a realist lens enables us to make sense of the connections between (1) Marx’s positive concept of freedom, rooted in a theory of human development, (2) his understanding of alienation as...
Biography of Karl Marx essaysKarl Marx was a philosopher, social scientist, revolutionary historian, and an influential socialist thinker of the 19th century. He was born in the comfortable and middle-class family. He enrolled for law studies at age17, a
the materials and the factories that generate wealth, while workers continue to languish in poverty. The absence of balance in the system will ultimately lead to the collapse of capitalism. Marx stated that this collapse would certainly happen, but he did not state when it would happen. Marx ...
This lesson aims to fully cover the ideas and theories developed by Karl Marx which are considered most distinctive and influential. Specifically, the goal is to get a solid grasp of what Karl Marx thought of both capitalism and socialism and also of Karl Marx's significance, how these ideas...
The Life and Philosophies of Karl Marx essaysWhat do Cuba, China, and North Korea have in common? Wouldn
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In Marx and Engels’s time, this feature of capitalism was especially apparent in farming and agriculture. “The way that the cultivation of particular crops depends on fluctuations in market prices and the constant changes in cultivation with these price fluctuations — the entire spirit of capital...
Marx predicted that capitalism would eventually destroy itself as more people become relegated to working-class status, inequality rose, and competition would lead the rate of corporate profits to zero. This would lead, he surmised, to a revolution where production would be turned over to the work...