Several types of myeloid cell are resident in the CNS. In the steady state, microglia are present in the CNS parenchyma, whereas macrophages reside in boundary regions of the CNS, such as perivascular spaces, the meninges and choroid plexus. In addition, monocytes infiltrate into the CNS ...
Microglia Initiate Central Nervous System Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses through Multiple TLRs Microglia are the resident macrophage-like population in the CNS. Microglia remain quiescent until injury or infection activates the cells to perform effec......
Controversy exists as to whether Langerhans cells in the epidermis and resting microglia in the brain should be included among cells of the mononuclear phagocyte series (MPS). A monoclonal anti-guinea-pig macrophage antibody has been prepared that is specific for a macrophage membrane antigen and do...
of CNS microglia are ablated within a few days. However, we and other research groups have found that rapid microglial depletion does not result in massive microglial debris accumulation or detectable inflammatory responses27,28,29,30. Furthermore, even in the retina, where all microglia are phar...
While TGF-β signaling is essential for microglial function, the cellular source of TGF-β1 ligand and its spatial regulation remains unclear in the adult CNS. Our data supports that microglia but not astrocytes or neurons are the primary producers of TG
During angiogenesis, endothelial cells (red) undergo tip cell/stalk cell specialisation; tip cell convergence for vascular circuit formation is assisted by yolk sac-derived CNS tissue macrophages, also called microglia (blue). Arrows indicate the direction of tip cell migration. PNVP, perineural ...
Staining was found in the parenchyma of active and chronic active MS lesions and in nodules of MHC class II+microglia in otherwise normal appearing white matter. IL-1β expression was detected in a minority of the nodules only, which could not be distinguished by the expression of pro- and ...
Metformin, a type 2 diabetes treatment, improves the cognitive function of aged mice; however, whether the protective effects of metformin on cognitive function in aged mice are associated with the gut microbiome is poorly understood. Although some studi
17, 18 TREM2 expression is primarily found in microglia, and mounting evidence indicates that TREM2 signaling is important in the regulation of microglial phagocytosis and inflammatory cytokine production.19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 Several disease-associated TREM2 ...
the greatest percentage of LDAM, followed by AD-APOE3/3and the least amount of the LDAM microglia state is found in the aged-matched control brain tissue (Fig.1i). Immunofluorescence microscopy of human AD brain tissue confirmed theACSL1abundance differences observed by snRNA-seq (Fig.1j,k)...