Defensins are lectin-like antimicrobial peptides that are produced by cells in both plants and animals. They are critical for innate host defence, although the precise details of their mode of action has remained unsolved.doi:10.1038/nrmicro1302Sharon Ahmad S...
Innate immunity: the first line of defenceS.E. Gould
Under these particular circumstances, neutrophils and macrophages are recognized to produce superoxide free radicals and H2O2, which are essential for defence against phagocytized or invading microbes. In this state, antioxidants are absolutely necessary to regulate the reactions that release free radicals...
Antiviral innate immunity is the first line of defence against viruses. The interferon (IFN) signaling pathway, the DNA damage response (DDR), apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and autophagy are involved in antiviral innate immunity. Viruses abrogate the antiviral immune response of cells...
The terminnate immunityis used because it is an inherited system. It comprises several generallynonspecificprotective mechanisms, some of which do not involve theimmune system.Innate immunityprovides a rapid response to pathogens and is the first line of defence. It does not require previous exposure...
Neutrophils have long been considered as cells playing a crucial role in the immune defence against invading pathogens. Accumulating evidence strongly supported the direct and indirect regulatory effects of neutrophils on adaptive immunity. Exogenous cytokines or cytokines produced in an autocrine manner as...
The innate immune response is the first line of defence against invading pathogens and is regulated by complex signalling and transcriptional networks. Systems biology approaches promise to shed new light on the regulation of innate immunity through the analysis and modelling of these networks. A key...
The eye has a variety of natural barrier defences against external stimuli. Lids, eyelashes and eyebrows protect against light, wind and particulate matter. The innate immune system is the first line of defence against invading organisms or microbial colonization and consists of anatomical barriers of...
A new cell-based innate immune receptor assay for the examination of receptor activity, ligand specificity, signalling pathways and the detection of pyrogens The pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the innate immune system are the first defence line of the immune system. Toll-like receptors (TL...
are a part of the defensive mechanism of the body against bacteria or other particulate matter, which they ingest, and, if possible, destroy, whilst a further line of defence is represented by the different types of immune bodies which are present in the cells and tissue fluids or are develo...