The phrase 'three lines of defense' can be thought of in the military sense, where the first stage is to completely shut out an invasion (infection); then, if an invasion occurs, send agents to investigate, mitigate and/or deal with the threat; if ...
Your immune system protects your most important resource: you! And its defenses are formidable: harmful invaders like bacteria, viruses, or parasites have to get through several complex layers of protection to do their damage. Not only do they have to br
A harmonized balance between positive and negative regulation of pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-initiated immune responses is required to achieve the most favorable outcome for the host. This balance is crucial because it must not only ensure activation of the first line of defense against viral ...
Overall, the largest effect on the transcriptional profile was exerted by the cell type, which overpowered the sex effect. An examination of a correlation matrix between the 11 unstimulated cell types (66 female and 66 male samples from datasets A and B, Fig.1b) showed the highest correlation...
Innate immunity provides the early lines of defense against microbes. In contrast to innate immunity, there are other immune responses that are stimulated by exposure to infectious agents and increase in magnitude and defensive capabilities with each successive exposure to a particular microbe.Because ...
Geha RS, Reinherz E (1983) Identification of circulating T and B lymphocytes in uncomplicated severe combined immunodeficiency by HLA typing of subpopulations of T cells separated by fluorescence-activated cell sorter and of Epstein Barr virus-derived B cell lines. J Immunol 130:2493–2495. ...
"Macrophages are one of the first lines of defense against infection," said senior author Professor Mike Rogers. "If bisphosphonates are ramping up the ability of these cells to respond when they encounter a viral or bacterial infection, a stronger initial immune response may help clear the infec...
Molecules that elicited a response in the in vitro tests were carried over to the next phase of ex vivo experiments. In this phase, the researchers repeated the tests, but this time not using cell lines but rather human blood and immune cells isolated from blood. This enabled the researchers...
Our data indicate that one function of a subset of TCP proteins is to regulate defense gene expression in antagonism to SRFR1, and suggest a mechanism for an intimate connection between plant development and immunity. 展开 关键词: Arabidopsis thaliana Pseudomonas syringae effector-triggered immunity ...
The innate immune system is the first line of the host defense program against pathogens and harmful substances. Antiviral innate immune responses can be triggered by multiple cellular receptors sensing viral components. The activated innate immune syste