These are small solid structures located at different points along the lymphatic system. Their function is to trap the microorganisms or other antigens, that enter the lymph and tissue fluid. Therefore, the antigens trapped in the lymph nodes are responsible for the activation of lymphocytes presen...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most diagnosed malignancies in digestive system and ranks second in terms of cancer-related death1. Every year, more than 1.8 and 0.9 million estimated new CRC cases and deaths worldwide2. Recently, with the development of research, the pathophysiological and...
(multiple sites can be concurrently infected upon admission to the PICU), respiratory system involvement was observed in 150 patients (65.2%), followed by digestive system involvement in 74 patients (32.2%), blood system involvement in 75 patients (32.6%), and involvement of other sites in 87 ...
2. The immune system is a collection of structures, cells, and cell products that can fight external or internal agents harmful to the body. These components and other protective factors of the body will be the topic of this chapter.3. Immunology is the study of the normal functions and ...
The antioxidative enzyme system, serving as the first barrier in animal antioxidant defenses, reflects the metabolic level of reactive oxygen species and the extent of tissue damage. This enzymatic system encompasses SOD, catalase, and GSH-Px, among others25. The health of an organism and its def...
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of mucosal tissue and mucosal immune system. To stimulate mucosal immune responses, the antigens need to first pass through the mucus layer before being transported by epithelial cells. Next, the antigens need to be transported through the mucosal epithelial cell layer,...
RNA extraction and RT-qPCR Total RNA of cells or tissues was extracted using EZB RNA extraction kit. After reverse transcription into cDNA by reverse transcription reagent, the cDNA was added into qPCR system, and the signal value was detected by PCR instrument. Β-ACTIN was used as an intern...
3C). Based on the annotation in the GO database, these DEGs corresponded to immune system process, response to bacterium, and innate immune response (Fig. 3D). KEGG signaling pathway analysis also revealed these DEGs were involved in inflammatory pathways including IL − 17 signaling ...
while tumor-resident only T clones were more exhausted.DVenn diagram showing the shared clonotype between different tissues, there are more shared CD8+T clones than CD4+T clones between tissues.E,FComparison of the clonality of CD4+and CD8+T cells in different tissue types. The CD8+T clones...
RT-PCR was performed with SuperReal PreMix Plus (SYBR Green) (TIANGEN Biotech, Beijing, China) by ABI StepOnePlus™ RT-PCR detection system (ABI, Connecticut, USA). GAPDH was used as the endogenous control, and the 2−△△Ct method was used to calculate. The primer sequences are ...