This study demonstrates that bacteria, independently of the immune response, can directly activate nociceptor sensory neurons and induce pain in mice. Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Cohen, J. A. et al. Cutaneous TRPV1+ neurons trigger protective innate type 17 anticipatory ...
These substances prompt the plant to activate its own defense mechanisms, producing secondary metabolites that help repel or inhibit pathogen attacks (Figure 1). This prevents or reduces damage to the plant. This phenomenon is known as induced systemic resistance (ISR) [46,51]. When challenged ...
Moreover, the complex can activate caspase-9 under conditions where the proteasome is impaired. This suggests that ubiquitination of Apaf-1 might have a regulatory role in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the above-described mechanism still needs to be further elucidated in HD [21]. 2.3. Tau...