How many genes does the Human Genome contain? The Human Genome Project has revealed that there are probably about 20,000-25,000 'haploid' protein coding genes. The completed human sequence can now identify their locations. But only about 1.5% of the genome codes for proteins, while the rest...
We also know that functional differences between duplicate genes can originate in several different ways, including mutations that directly impart new functions, subdivision of ancestral functions and selection for changes in gene dosage. Interestingly, in many cases the 'new' function of one copy is...
Protein coding features can emerge de novo in non coding transcripts, resulting in emergence of new protein coding genes. Studies across many species show that a large fraction of evolutionarily novel non-coding RNAs have an antisense overlap with protei
How many genes are controlled by super-enhancers compared to the total number of genes expressed in these cells?Gene regulationGene regulation is the process of controlling when, where, and how much genes are expressed. The process is intricate and is c...
releasing the new cells to the environment. Other species may form a long narrow extension at one pole in a process called budding. The tip of the extension swells and forms a smaller cell, the bud that eventually detaches from the parent cell. Budding is most common in yeast (Figure 15...
However, under non-optimal conditions, the differences in cleavage rates between cognate and next-best sites change dramatically for many enzymes. This loss of fidelity or increase in cleavage at sites similar to the cognate site is commonly referred to as star activity. A number of reaction para...
The integrity of a cellular genome may be endangered in many ways. However, cells are not powerless and indifferent to their future fate; they are prepared to solve various problems concerning their genome to enable their survival. Maintaining a stable genome is a complicated task, even without ...
The team also discovered that a particular molecular switch that controls many other genes involved in spore formation also controls the expression of poison, but not antidote, from the wtf4 gene. The switch is essential for yeast reproduction and is inextricably linked to wtf4, helping to explai...
One function of the mouse version of Sir2, called SIRT1, is to regulate how genes are expressed in various tissues. Patterns of expression differ among organs–many genes that need to be active in the liver, for instance, must remain silent in the brain. By binding to regulatory regions ...
C. The probabilities of supercoil removal and decatenation by yeast DNA topoisomerase II. Genes Cells 1, 17–27 (1996). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Bergerat, A. et al. An atypical topoisomerase II from archaea with implications for meiotic recombination. Nature 386, 414–417 (1997)...