In the presence of UV radiation, a Jnk/AP-1 pathway represses TGF-beta, which together with a UV-induced p53 pathway promotes melanocyte differentiation.Emi K NishimuraLoeken MR. How TGF-beta and PAX3 Regulate Suntanning. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2009; 22:146-147....
Central to several of these pathways is transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), a potent immunoregulatory cytokine that contributes to the function and generation of regulatory T cells. 展开 关键词: Tr1 - Th3 - CD4CD25 anergic/suppressor - IL-2 - CTLA-4 - Autoimmunity ...
How does stress affect growth and development? How do neurotransmitters affect the taste perception of different foods? What are the effects of marijuana on the brain and body? How do SMADs and TGF-beta receptors correlate with each other? How do caffeine and alcohol affect the nervous system?
The cytokine transforming growth factor beta derived from the mammalian host is considered important in stimulating schistosome female worm maturation and maintenance of fecundity. The means by which schistosomes acquire TGF-β have not been elucidated, but direct uptake in vivo seems unlikely as the ...
How do SMADs and TGF-beta receptors correlate with each other? What is the significance of resonance for the tidal range in coastal inlets? Explain how science is repetitive, nonlinear, and collaborative. How is the "time axis" of memories encoded in the brain? What is meant by signal ampli...
[54,55]. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is widespread in biological responses and plays a pivotal role in the development and maturation of vascular system. TGF-β reversed synthetic VSMCs into functional contractile VSMCs through increasing the interaction between downstream phosphorylated...
Thus, the total concentration of hor- mone, by affecting the total amount of free hormone available to the cell, does influence the extent of transport of hormone into the cell when the rate of transport is not rate-limiting. These con- siderations also reflect upon...
A catalyst can be used over and over again in a chemical reaction and does not get used up. Enzymes lower the amount of activation energy needed by binding to the reactants of the reaction they catalyze, thus speed up the reaction and can process millions of molecules per second. ...
How does an action potential spread across a neuron? Why are motor neurons most often affected during a stroke? In neuroscience, how can passive properties affect conduction velocity? How do SMADs and TGF-beta receptors correlate with each other?
M2 样巨噬细胞分泌 CCL22 和 CCL18 等细胞因子来招募成熟的 Treg。此外,它们还通过分泌 TGF-β 和 IL-10 促进初始 T 细胞向 Treg 的转化。M2 样巨噬细胞的这些作用增强了肿瘤耐药性。 5.M2样TAM 调节肿瘤血管生成以增强肿瘤耐药性 通过调节MMP、丝氨酸蛋白酶和组织蛋白酶,TAM诱导血管生成,降解基底膜,并...