Valves The heart features four types of valves which regulate the flow of blood through the heart. These valves have been clearly shown in the labeled diagram of the heart. They permit blood flow in one direction only, and prevent backflow of blood. The four types of valves are: Tricuspid ...
III Early Embryogenesis of Heart Valves: The Origins of Cardiac Valve Cell Populations The early embryonic heart (around E8.5 in the mouse) mainly consists of two concentric tissue layers, the outer contractile myocardium and the inner endocardium. They are separated by a thick extracellular matrix...
the LV is at its smallest volume, or end-systolic volume (LVESV). The amount of blood ejected in systole is the SV. At the end of systole, the pressure in the LV chamber is less than the pressure in the aorta; therefore, the aortic valve closes. In the first part of diastole...
1 Domain structure of EphrinB2 in human and murine. The conserved tyrosine phosphorylation sites identified were labeled in red, while Tyr304 in human linked phosphorylation signaling with PDZ-dependent signaling. The last three amino acids composed a PDZ-binding motif in both human and murine Su ...
After initiating the heart beat with an electrical stimulus at the location of the sinus node (Figure 9a), the atria contract and ventricular end-diastole later reached 180 ms (Figure 9b). Followed by a short time of isovolumetric contraction, the aortic and pulmonary valves open and the ...
CMs are specialized heart cells with contractile functions [6]. The endothelial cell (Endo) plays an important role in cardiac development and cardiac function as a major component of trabecular formation, vascular structure, and valves [7]. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are an important component ...