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This example shows how to return a matrix of row numbers using the row function.Have a look at the following R code:row(my_mat) # Apply row functionThe output of the previously shown R code is shown in Table 2 – A matrix object that contains the row numbers for each column of our...
To create factors in R, you make use of the functionfactor(). First thing that you have to do is create a vector that contains(包含) all the observations(观察值) that belong to a limited number of categories. For example,gender_vectorcontains the sex of 5 different individuals(个人): ge...
Input to factor, specified as a number, or a symbolic number, expression, or function. vars— Variables of interest symbolic variable | vector of symbolic variables Variables of interest, specified as a symbolic variable or a vector of symbolic variables. Factors that do not contain a variable ...
For the standard error computations, the function allows to internally pre-whiten the series by fitting a VAR(1), i.e., a vector autoregressive model of order 1. All the details can be found in [@kan2013pricing]. TFRP(): Computes tradable factor risk premia from data on factors F and...
Figure 7.9(a) shows the validation performance for these two data sets as a function of p when fitting the FAsep algorithm. The performance for p=0 corresponds to an independent Gaussian model where there is no Cm matrix and only a diagonal covariance matrix, Rm, per reach target. The best...
This is the pow function: XML Copy float specularLuminance = pow(dotProduct, 20); This pow function takes the dot product to the 20th power. If the dot product is 1, the pow function returns 1. If the dot product is 0.7 (which results from an angle of 45 degrees between the two...
10.2). A decrease in PFPN is an expected consequence of the adoption of N fertilizers because yields move higher along a fixed-N response function, unless other factors shift the response function up. PFPN, or N use efficiency expressed as percentage of total N applied (F) transferred to ...
The following code example lists all properties of the SystemInformation class in a ListBox and displays the current value of the property in a TextBox when a list item selected. csharp 复制 using System; using System.Collections; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Drawing; using System...
Example 1: Keep Character Class of Columns when Creating a Data Frame In Example 1, I’ll explain how to keep the character class for variables of a data frame whencreating a new data frame in R. In this case, we have to specify the stringsAsFactors function to be equal to FALSE as ...