2. INDEX 因子列表,和x长度一样,元素将被通过as.factor强制转换为因子 simplify 若为FALSE,tapply将以列表形式返回阵列。若为TRUE,FUN则直接返回数值 例: > height <- c(174, 165, 180, 171, 160) > sex<-c("F","F","M","F","M") > > tapply(height, sex, mean) F M 170 170 1. 2. ...
levels to exclude if the histogram variable is a factor. levelsToKeep levels to keep if the histogram variable is a factor. rowSelection name of a logical variable in the data set (in quotes) or a logical expression using variables in the data set to specify row selection. For example, ...
the maximum number of levels allowed for an unordered factor predictor for multiclass (>2) classification. removeMissings logical value. If TRUE, rows with missing values are removed and will not be included in the output data. computeObsNodeId logical value or NULL. If TRUE, the tree node...
TherqRowEvalfunction executes the R function in the script specified by theEXP_NAMparameter. You pass data to the R function with theINP_CURparameter. You can pass arguments to the R function with thePAR_CURparameter. TheROW_NUMparameter specifies the number of rows that should be passed to ...
The is.na Function in R (Basics)Before we can start, let’s create some example data in R (or R Studio).set.seed(11991) # Set seed N <- 1000 # Sample size x_num <- round(rnorm(N, 0, 5)) # Numeric x_fac <- as.factor(round(runif(N, 0, 3))) # Factor x_cha <- ...
in dollars men8385$wage <- exp(men8385$lwage) # Rename/relevel remaining indicators men8385$union <- as.factor(men8385$covered) men8385$covered <- NULL men8385$married <- as.factor(men8385$marr) men8385$marr <- NULL men8385$nonwhite <- as.factor(men8385$nonwhite) levels(men8385$...
If the resistance increases from 1000 to 1,024,000 Ω in steps of a factor of 2, with the other parameters in Table 2.1 held constant, the output voltage amplitude and harvested resonant power calculated from Eqs. (2.19) and (2.20) are plotted in Figs. 2.10 and 2.11. It can be seen...
Mechanistically, CCL18 induces the transcription factor RFX5 that selectively upregulates glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1), thus enabling glutamate utilization to support energy production. In parallel, RFX5 enhances surface expression of HLA-DR molecules, promoting Mϕ-dependent expansion of antigen-...
Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) are tissue-specific cis-regulators of protein translation. Isolated reports have shown that variants that create or disrupt uORFs can cause disease. Here, in a systematic genome-wide study using 15,708 whole genome se
Boltzmann\ factor=e^{-E(s)/kT}\\ 到这里,它就跟状态的能量有关了,这就不是像\Omega一样在讨论状态有多少个,而是有多少种了。那么配上归一化系数,它就可以表示概率了 P(s)=Ae^{-E(s)/kT}=\frac{1}{Z}e^{-E(s)/kT}\\ 这个Z,其实是一个跟玻尔兹曼因数有关的函数,它叫配分函数,至于为什么...