specialized double-membrane vesicles, known as autophagosomes, are formed. Autophagosome formation starts with an initial isolation membrane, known as the phagophore, which expands by de novo membrane synthesis and recruitment of lipids and proteins from different membrane...
Cyclic diadenylate monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is secreted by bacteria as a secondary messenger. How immune cells detect c-di-AMP and initiate anti-bacterial immunity remains unknown. We found that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane adaptor ERAdP acts as a direct sensor for c-di-AMP. ERA...
ER-phagy involves the generation of autophagosomes that selectively include ER membranes and whose delimiting double membranes also derive, at least in part, from the ER. This finding provides direct evidence that the ER can serve as a membrane source for autophagosome formation and indicates that ...
ER-phagy involves the generation of autophagosomes that selectively include ER membranes and whose delimiting double membranes also derive, at least in part, from the ER. This finding provides direct evidence that the ER can serve as a membrane source for autophagosome formation and indicates that ...
3). Denitrification begins with the activation of nitrate reductase (NAR), a membrane-bound, Mo-containing enzyme, which is encoded by the nas, nar and nap operons. The narG and napA genes are utilized most often in studies of NO3− reduction (Tavares et al., 2006; Kandeler et al.,...
Transcranial direct current stimulation in therapy-resistant depression: Preliminary results from a double-blind, placebo-controlled study Background: The method of direct current stimulation for modulating membrane potentials is known since the 1960s. More recently, transcranial direct cu...
Aim International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research is a double peer-reviewed online journal which publishes original research papers, Review and theoretical manuscripts. This journal provides immediate open access to its content, on the principle that making research freely available to ...
The system, which resembles a conventional tablet in appearance, comprises an osmotically active core surrounded by a semipermeable membrane. The unitary tablet core is composed of the drug and excipients (including the osmotically active components). There is a precision-laser drilled orifice in the...
ARTICLE Received 22 Mar 2016 | Accepted 25 May 2016 | Published 15 Jul 2016 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12073 OPEN The ER membrane-anchored ubiquitin ligase Hrd1 is a positive regulator of T-cell immunity Yuanming Xu1,*, Fang Zhao1,*, Quan Qiu1,2,*, Kun Chen2, Juncheng Wei1, Qingfei Kong1...
Compared to cisternal sheets, tubules have characteristic membrane bending in their cross-section, which is similar to the edge of sheets. These curved membranes are stabilized by the same class of integral membrane proteins, known as the reticulons (RTNs) and receptor expression-enhancing proteins ...